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The CD8 co-receptor is predominantly expressed on the surface of cytotoxic T cells, but can also be found on natural killer cells, cortical thymocytes, and dendritic cells. The CD8 molecule is a marker for cytotoxic T cell population. It is expressed in T cell lymphoblastic lymphoma and hypo-pigmented mycosis fungoides. [4]
CXCR5 has been shown to be expressed on both CD4 [11] and CD8 [12] T cells, though it is often regarded as the defining marker for T Follicular Helper (Tfh) cells. [ 13 ] Role in cancer development
Name of markers: Functions: α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA, ACTA2) Marker for myofibroblasts [13] Fibroblast activation protein (FAP) Marker for myofibroblasts [13] Tenascin-C: Regulates adhesion of cancer cells for invasion [14] Periostin: Product of process of tissue repair [15] Neuron glial antigen-2 (NG2, CSPG4) More associated with pericytes.
Processing of tumor antigens recognized by CD8+ T cells. Normal proteins in the body are not antigenic because of self-tolerance, a process in which self-reacting cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) and autoantibody-producing B lymphocytes are culled "centrally" in primary lymphatic tissue (BM) and "peripherally" in secondary lymphatic tissue (mostly thymus for T-cells and spleen/lymph nodes for B ...
Cancer Therapy by Inhibition of Negative Immune Regulation (CTLA4, PD1) A2AR & A2BR: The Adenosine A2A receptor is regarded as an important checkpoint in cancer therapy because adenosine in the immune microenvironment, leading to the activation of the A2a receptor, is negative immune feedback loop and the tumor microenvironment has relatively high concentrations of adenosine. [27]
Antigen presentation stimulates T cells to become either "cytotoxic" CD8+ cells or "helper" CD4+ cells.. A cytotoxic T cell (also known as T C, cytotoxic T lymphocyte, CTL, T-killer cell, cytolytic T cell, CD8 + T-cell or killer T cell) is a T lymphocyte (a type of white blood cell) that kills cancer cells, cells that are infected by intracellular pathogens such as viruses or bacteria, or ...
TRAF2 and TRAF5 can interact with this receptor, and mediate the signal transduction that leads to the activation of NF-kappaB. [6] It is a positive regulator of apoptosis , [ 7 ] and also has been shown to limit the proliferative potential of autoreactive CD8 effector T cells and protect the body against autoimmunity.
In addition, CD8+ cells slow tumor progression and suppress angiogenesis by releasing interferon-gamma (IFN-γ). [16] Th-1 cells supports the activation and proliferation of CD8+ cells by secreting IFN-γ and interleukin-2 (IL-2), and by cross-presenting tumor antigens. [48] Tregs are, as opposed to CD8+, tumor promoting.