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  2. Multi-mode optical fiber - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multi-mode_optical_fiber

    At fixed radius and refractive index, the number of modes allowed depends on the wavelength. λ / R is the ratio of the light's wavelength to the fiber's radius. The main difference between multi-mode and single-mode optical fiber is that the former has much larger core diameter, typically 50–100 micrometers—much larger than the wavelength ...

  3. Electrical length - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_length

    The phase velocity at which electrical signals travel along a transmission line or other cable depends on the construction of the line. Therefore, the wavelength corresponding to a given frequency varies in different types of lines, thus at a given frequency different conductors of the same physical length can have different electrical lengths.

  4. Smith chart - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smith_chart

    The Smith chart (sometimes also called Smith diagram, Mizuhashi chart (水橋チャート), Mizuhashi–Smith chart (水橋スミスチャート), [1] [2] [3] Volpert–Smith chart (Диаграмма Вольперта—Смита) [4] [5] or Mizuhashi–Volpert–Smith chart), is a graphical calculator or nomogram designed for electrical and electronics engineers specializing in radio ...

  5. Electromagnetic spectrum - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetic_spectrum

    Electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength between 380 nm and 760 nm (400–790 terahertz) is detected by the human eye and perceived as visible light. Other wavelengths, especially near infrared (longer than 760 nm) and ultraviolet (shorter than 380 nm) are also sometimes referred to as light, especially when the visibility to humans is not ...

  6. Wavenumber - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wavenumber

    Wavenumber, as used in spectroscopy and most chemistry fields, is defined as the number of wavelengths per unit distance, typically centimeters (cm1): ~ =, where λ is the wavelength. It is sometimes called the "spectroscopic wavenumber". [1] It equals the spatial frequency.

  7. Transmission line - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transmission_line

    Cables are similar to twisted pair in that many cores are bundled into the same cable but only one conductor is provided per circuit and there is no twisting. All the circuits on the same route use a common path for the return current (earth return). There is a power transmission version of single-wire earth return in use in many locations.

  8. Wavelength-division multiplexing - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wavelength-division...

    In fiber-optic communications, wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM) is a technology which multiplexes a number of optical carrier signals onto a single optical fiber by using different wavelengths (i.e., colors) of laser light. [1]

  9. Ethernet physical layer - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethernet_physical_layer

    The physical-layer specifications of the Ethernet family of computer network standards are published by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), which defines the electrical or optical properties and the transfer speed of the physical connection between a device and the network or between network devices.