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A lumpectomy is a surgery to remove a breast tumor along with a resection margin of normal breast tissue. The margin is the healthy, noncancerous tissue that is next to the tumor. A pathologist analyzes the margin excised by the lumpectomy to detect any possible cancer cells.
Staging breast cancer is the initial step to help physicians determine the most appropriate course of treatment. As of 2016, guidelines incorporated biologic factors, such as tumor grade, cellular proliferation rate, estrogen and progesterone receptor expression, human epidermal growth factor 2 (HER2) expression, and gene expression profiling into the staging system.
It is based on three surgical principles: ideal breast cancer surgery with free tumor margins, immediate breast reconstruction, and immediate symmetry with the other breast. [11] Oncoplastic approaches to breast-conserving surgery may require a close partnership among surgeons who specialize in surgical oncology and plastic surgery. Oncoplastic ...
Benign tumors, on the other hand, are non-cancerous and usually not considered life-threatening unless they grow so large they begin to obstruct air passageways or disrupt vital organs.
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Mastectomy is the medical term for the surgical removal of one or both breasts, partially or completely.A mastectomy is usually carried out to treat breast cancer. [1] [2] In some cases, women believed to be at high risk of breast cancer choose to have the operation as a preventive measure. [1]
A breast mass, also known as a breast lump, is a localized swelling that feels different from the surrounding tissue. [1] Breast pain , nipple discharge , or skin changes may be present. [ 1 ] Concerning findings include masses that are hard, do not move easily, are of an irregular shape, or are firmly attached to surrounding tissue.
Fibrocystic breast changes is a condition of the breasts where there may be pain, breast cysts, and breast masses. [1] The breasts may be described as "lumpy" or "doughy". [ 3 ] Symptoms may worsen during certain parts of the menstrual cycle due to hormonal stimulation. [ 1 ]