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Iodine deficiency was previously a common disease in Norway because the iodine content of the drinking water was low. Before 1950 goiter was a widespread disease caused by iodine deficiency. [40] Up to 80 percent of the population were affected in inland areas.
Iodine deficiency is the most common preventable cause of neonatal and childhood brain damage worldwide. [11] Although iodine is found in many foods, it is not universally present in all soils in adequate amounts. Most iodine, in iodide form, is in the oceans, where the iodide ions are reduced to elemental iodine, which then enters the ...
Iodine deficiency is the most common cause of primary hypothyroidism and endemic goiter worldwide. [8] [9] In areas of the world with sufficient dietary iodine, hypothyroidism is most commonly caused by the autoimmune disease Hashimoto's thyroiditis (chronic autoimmune thyroiditis). [8] [9] Hashimoto's may be associated with a goiter.
Plant diseases are diseases in plants caused by pathogens (infectious organisms) and environmental conditions (physiological factors). [1] Organisms that cause infectious disease include fungi , oomycetes , bacteria , viruses , viroids , virus -like organisms, phytoplasmas , protozoa , nematodes and parasitic plants . [ 2 ]
Other nutritional deficiencies, which include iodine deficiency and iron deficiency anemia, result in another 84,000 deaths. [192] In 2010 malnutrition caused about 1.5 million deaths in women and children. [193] According to the World Health Organization, malnutrition is the biggest contributor to child mortality, present in half of all cases ...
Blackheart (plant disease) Boron deficiency (plant disorder) C. ... Manganese deficiency (plant) Micronutrient deficiency; Molybdenum deficiency (plant disorder) N.
Many plants have adapted to iodine-deficient terrestrial environment by removing iodine from their metabolism, in fact iodine is essential only for animal cells. [7] An important antiparasitic action is caused by the block of the transport of iodide of animal cells inhibiting sodium-iodide symporter (NIS).
Much like diseases of humans and other animals, plant diseases occur due to pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, oomycetes, nematodes, phytoplasmas, protozoa, and parasitic plants. [1] Plant disease epidemiologists strive for an understanding of the cause and effects of disease and develop strategies to intervene in situations where crop ...