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  2. Chirality (chemistry) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chirality_(chemistry)

    Many chiral molecules have point chirality, namely a single chiral stereogenic center that coincides with an atom. This stereogenic center usually has four or more bonds to different groups, and may be carbon (as in many biological molecules), phosphorus (as in many organophosphates ), silicon, or a metal (as in many chiral coordination ...

  3. Monosaccharide - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monosaccharide

    The number of distinct stereoisomers with the same diagram is bounded by 2 c, where c is the total number of chiral carbons. The Fischer projection is a systematic way of drawing the skeletal formula of an acyclic monosaccharide so that the handedness of each chiral carbon is well specified. Each stereoisomer of a simple open-chain ...

  4. Monosaccharide nomenclature - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monosaccharide_nomenclature

    The table shows all aldoses with 3 to 6 carbon atoms, and a few ketoses. For chiral molecules, only the ' D-' form (with the next-to-last hydroxyl on the right side) is shown; the corresponding forms have mirror-image structures. Some of these monosaccharides are only synthetically prepared in the laboratory and not found in nature.

  5. Chirality - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chirality

    A chiral molecule is a type of molecule that has a non-superposable mirror image. The feature that is most often the cause of chirality in molecules is the presence of an asymmetric carbon atom. [16] [17] The term "chiral" in general is used to describe the object that is non-superposable on its mirror image. [18]

  6. Glucose - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glucose

    Glucose is a sugar with the molecular formula C 6 H 12 O 6. Glucose is overall the most abundant monosaccharide, [4] a subcategory of carbohydrates. Glucose is mainly made by plants and most algae during photosynthesis from water and carbon dioxide, using energy from sunlight.

  7. Enantiomer - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enantiomer

    There are three common naming conventions for specifying one of the two enantiomers (the absolute configuration) of a given chiral molecule: the R/S system is based on the geometry of the molecule; the (+)- and (−)- system (also written using the obsolete equivalents d- and l-) is based on its optical rotation properties; and the D/L system is based on the molecule's relationship to ...

  8. Absolute configuration - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Absolute_configuration

    In chemistry, absolute configuration refers to the spatial arrangement of atoms within a molecular entity (or group) that is chiral, and its resultant stereochemical description. [1] Absolute configuration is typically relevant in organic molecules where carbon is bonded to four different substituents. This type of construction creates two ...

  9. Fischer projection - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fischer_projection

    In an aldose, C1 is the carbon of the aldehyde group; in a ketose, C1 is the carbon closest to the ketone group, which is typically found at C2. [ 3 ] The proper way to view a Fischer projection is to vertically orient the molecule in relation to the carbon chain, have all horizontal bonds point toward the viewer, and orient all vertical bonds ...

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