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  2. Participatory planning - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Participatory_planning

    Participatory Rural Appraisal is a method of participatory planning, used most often in the context of international community development. Participatory Rural Appraisal draws heavily on the work of Paulo Freire and his idea of critical consciousness , as well as Kurt Lewin's integration of democratic leadership, group dynamics , experiential ...

  3. Participatory action research - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Participatory_action_research

    Participatory action research (PAR) is an approach to action research emphasizing participation and action by members of communities affected by that research. It seeks to understand the world by trying to change it, collaboratively and following reflection. PAR emphasizes collective inquiry and experimentation grounded in experience and social ...

  4. Robert Chambers (development scholar) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Chambers...

    This includes the techniques of participatory rural appraisal, some of which he developed himself or with others. In his later career, there were criticisms of their use, and he questioned whether his unabashed populism had ignored tokenistic manipulation of participatory methods: his experience with larger organisations like the World Bank ...

  5. Participatory development - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Participatory_development

    Participatory development (PD) seeks to engage local populations in development projects. Participatory development has taken a variety of forms since it emerged in the 1970s, when it was introduced as an important part of the "basic needs approach" to development. [1] Most manifestations of public participation in development seek "to give the ...

  6. SEED-SCALE - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SEED-SCALE

    SEED-SCALE (abbreviation for: Self Evaluation for Effective Decision-making – Systems for Communities to Adapt Learning and Expand) describes a comprehensive theory of social change sometimes also categorized as social development theory. SEED-SCALE can be used both to tell how to implement change and/or it can be used to analyze social change.

  7. Rural development - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rural_development

    Rural development is the process of improving the quality of life and economic well-being of people living in rural areas, often relatively isolated and sparsely populated areas. [ 1 ] Often, rural regions have experienced rural poverty, poverty greater than urban or suburban economic regions due to lack of access to economic activities, and ...

  8. Millennium Development Goals - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Millennium_Development_Goals

    Iterations of proven local successes should be scaled up to address the larger need through human energy and existing resources using methodologies such as participatory rural appraisal, asset-based community development, or SEED-SCALE. [26] MDG 8 uniquely focuses on donor achievements, rather than development successes.

  9. Development communication - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Development_communication

    The methodology outlined in Haynes et al. (2016) [176] paper align with Servaes (1986) [177] reference to the application of Participatory Communication (Research) from a Freirean Perspective by positing that for dialectical and emancipatory process of action and reflection that constitutes the "process of conscientization, where an agenda ...