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At this point, the bromothymol is already blue, and a few drops of BTB are used on a water slide. The specimen is mixed with blue BTB solution and fixed to a slide by a cover slip. It is sometimes used to determine cell walls or nuclei under the microscope. Bromothymol is used in obstetrics for detecting premature rupture of membranes. [11]
Bromothymol blue was added in order to reduce false positives. The citrate agar is green before inoculation, and turns blue, because of BTB as a positive test indicator, meaning citrate is utilized. The test is also prepared on a slant to maximize bacterial growth for an even better indication of the use of citrate.
Use of citrate results in the creation of carbonates and bicarbonates as byproducts. Organisms degrading citrate must also use the ammonium salts, producing ammonia, [10] thus increasing the pH of the medium. [11] The increase in pH then causes color change in the bromothymol blue indicator, turning it blue.
Bacteria are inoculated on a medium containing sodium citrate and a pH indicator such as bromothymol blue. The medium also contains inorganic ammonium salts, which are utilized as sole source of nitrogen. Use of citrate involves the enzyme citrate lyase, which breaks down citrate to oxaloacetate and acetate.
A roll of universal indicator paper Colors of universal indicator. A universal indicator is a pH indicator made of a solution of several compounds that exhibit various smooth colour changes over a wide range pH values to indicate the acidity or alkalinity of solutions. A universal indicator can be in paper form or present in a form of a ...
Bromothymol blue is the indicator used in the agar, it changes to yellow in case of acid production during fermentation of lactose or changes to deep blue in case of alkalinization. Lactose-positive bacteria build yellow colonies. Bacteria which decarboxylate L-cystine cause an alkaline reaction and build deep blue colonies. [1]
Bromophenol is also used as a colour marker to monitor the process of agarose gel electrophoresis and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.Since bromophenol blue carries a slight negative charge at moderate pH, it will migrate in the same direction as DNA or protein in a gel; the rate at which it migrates varies according to gel density and buffer composition, but in a typical 1% agarose gel in ...
It transitions from red to yellow at pH 1.2–2.8 and from yellow to blue at pH 8.0–9.6. It is usually a component of Universal indicator. At wavelength (378 - 382) nm, extinction coefficient > 8000 and at wavelength (298 - 302) nm, the extinction coefficient > 12000. [3]
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