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The optic chiasm is found in all vertebrates, although in cyclostomes (lampreys and hagfishes), it is located within the brain. [2] [3] This article is about the optic chiasm of vertebrates, which is the best known nerve chiasm, but not every chiasm denotes a crossing of the body midline (e.g., in some invertebrates, see Chiasm (anatomy)).
In anatomy a chiasm is the spot where two structures cross, forming an X-shape (from Greek letter χ, Chi). Examples of chiasms are: A tendinous chiasm, the spot where two tendons cross. For example, the tendon of the flexor digitorum superficialis muscle, and the tendon of the flexor digitorum longus muscle which even forms two chiasms.
In rhetoric, chiasmus (/ k aɪ ˈ æ z m ə s / ky-AZ-məs) or, less commonly, chiasm (Latin term from Greek χίασμα chiásma, "crossing", from the Greek χιάζω, chiázō, "to shape like the letter Χ"), is a "reversal of grammatical structures in successive phrases or clauses – but no repetition of words".
Chiasm (anatomy), an X-shaped structure produced by the crossing over of the fibers, with the prefix chiasm- means cross examples include: A nerval chiasm, where either two nerves cross in the body midline (e.g. Optic chiasma) A crossing of fibres inside a nerve reversing their mapping; A tendinous chiasm, the spot where two tendons cross.
The verse contains 9 sentences which exhibit chiasmus, but perhaps more interesting is that it is found in the longest chapter of the Quran, Al-Baqara, which itself contains a fractal chiastic structure in its 286 verses, i.e. where each (outer) chiasm is composed of (inner) chiastic structures reflected in some sense in the analogue outer chiasm.
See for examples decussation of pyramids and sensory decussation. In neuroanatomy , the term chiasma is reserved for crossing of- or within nerves such as in the optic chiasm . In botanical leaf taxology , the word decussate describes an opposite pattern of leaves which has successive pairs at right angles to each other (i.e. rotated 90 degrees ...
In genetics, a chiasma (pl.: chiasmata) is the point of contact, the physical link, between two (non-sister) chromatids belonging to homologous chromosomes. At a given chiasma, an exchange of genetic material can occur between both chromatids, what is called a chromosomal crossover , but this is much more frequent during meiosis than mitosis ...
An example of a scheme is a polysyndeton: the repetition of a conjunction before every element in a list, whereas the conjunction typically would appear only before the last element, as in "Lions and tigers and bears, oh my!"—emphasizing the danger and number of animals more than the prosaic wording with only the second "and".