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In archaeology, a hammerstone is a hard cobble [1] used to strike off lithic flakes from a lump of tool stone during the process of lithic reduction. [2] The hammerstone is a rather universal stone tool which appeared early in most regions of the world including Europe , India [ 3 ] and North America .
The technique with the least detail is conducted using a hammerstone, in which a hard rock (often sandstone) is struck against the raw material to chip off large flakes and begin to shape the stone. Using a hammerstone produces what is called a preform, which is the core of the tool in need of more detailed refinements.
To create this tool, one would have to use a hammerstone to chip away flakes on the stone to create a side of the stone with a very sharp edge, allowing for the cutting and hacking of an object. This is a unique type of lithic reduction , as only a single side of the stone is retouched to produce the cutting surface of the stone.
A hard hammerstone would first be used to rough out the shape of the tool from the stone by removing large flakes. These large flakes might be re-used to create tools. The tool maker would work around the circumference of the remaining stone core, removing smaller flakes alternately from each face.
Lithic tools produced this way may be bifacial (exhibiting flaking on both sides) or unifacial (exhibiting flaking on one side only). Mount William stone axe quarry in Australia Cryptocrystalline or amorphous stone such as chert , flint , obsidian , and chalcedony , as well as other fine-grained stone material, such as rhyolite , felsite , and ...
Complex stone tools were used by the Gunditjmara of western Victoria [27] until relatively recently. [28] Many examples are now held in museums. [27] [26] Flaked stone tools were made by extracting a sharp fragment of stone from a larger piece, called a core, by hitting it with a "hammerstone". Both the flakes and the hammerstones could be used ...
Lomekwi is an archaeological site located on the west bank of Turkana Lake in Kenya.It is an important milestone in the history of human archaeology. An archaeological team from Stony Brook University in the United States discovered traces of Lomekwi by chance in July 2011, and made substantial progress four years after in-depth excavations.
For stone tools and flintlock strikers, chert is worked using a fabricator such as a hammerstone to remove lithic flakes from a nucleus or core of tool stone. Stone tools can then be further refined using wood, bone, and antler tools to perform pressure flaking. For building work a hammer or pick is used to split chert nodules supported on the lap.
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