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Atherectomy is a minimally invasive technique for removing atherosclerosis from blood vessels within the body. It is an alternative to angioplasty for the treatment of peripheral artery disease , but the studies that exist are not adequate to determine whether it is superior to angioplasty. [ 1 ]
In 2016, the WHO recorded 56.7 million deaths [3] with the leading cause of death as cardiovascular disease causing more than 17 million deaths (about 31% of the total) as shown in the chart to the side. In 2021, there were approx. 68 million deaths worldwide, as per WHO report.
The so-called "classical 3-point MACE" is defined as a composite of nonfatal stroke, nonfatal myocardial infarction, and cardiovascular death. [4] [5] Another study similarly defined MACE as a composite of nonfatal stroke, nonfatal acute coronary syndrome, and death from vascular causes. [6]
According to guidelines, taking aspirin or clopidogrel is recommended to reduce AMI ("heart attack"), stroke, and other causes of vascular death in people with symptomatic peripheral artery disease. [20] It is recommended that aspirin and clopidogrel be taken alone and not in conjunction with one another (i.e., not as dual antiplatelet therapy).
Atherosclerosis [a] is a pattern of the disease arteriosclerosis, [8] characterized by development of abnormalities called lesions in walls of arteries.This is a chronic inflammatory disease involving many different cell types and driven by elevated levels of cholesterol in the blood. [9]
Vascular disease is a subgroup of cardiovascular disease. Disorders in this vast network of blood and lymph vessels can cause a range of health problems that can sometimes become severe, and fatal. [3] Coronary heart disease for example, is the leading cause of death for men and women in the United States. [5]
SCAD symptoms are the result of a restriction in the size of the lumen of the affected coronary artery. A bleed within the wall of the artery ( tunica intima ) originating from the microvessels that perfuse this muscular layer ( vasa vasorum ) leads to a collection of blood, or hematoma , between the layers of the artery wall. [ 1 ]
Acquired causes include atherosclerosis in adults, [4] Kawasaki disease in children [5] and coronary catheterization. With the invention of drug eluting stents, there has been more cases implying stents lead to coronary aneurysms. The pathophysiology, although not completely understood, might be comparable to that of aneurysms of larger vessels.