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The cough reflex occurs when stimulation of cough receptors in the respiratory tract by dust or other foreign particles produces a cough, which causes rapidly moving air which usually remove the foreign material before it reaches the lungs.
The cough center is a region of the brain which controls coughing. The cough center is located in the medulla oblongata in the brainstem . Cough suppressants focus their action on the cough center.
Central neurogenic hyperventilation (CNH) is an abnormal pattern of breathing characterized by deep and rapid breaths at a rate of at least 25 breaths per minute. Increasing irregularity of this respiratory rate generally is a sign that the patient will enter into coma .
The dorsal respiratory group (DRG) has the most fundamental role in the control of respiration, initiating inspiration (inhalation). The DRG is a collection of neurons forming an elongated mass that extends most of the length of the dorsal medulla. They are near to the central canal of the spinal cord, and just behind
Possible causes, alone or in conjunction, that produce the chronic cough include the following. Postnasal drip, when excess mucus is produced in the sinus of the nose and drips back towards the throat, causes a cough reflex, also known as upper airway cough syndrome.
Ventilation is normally unconscious and automatic, but can be overridden by conscious alternative patterns. [3] Thus the emotions can cause yawning, laughing, sighing (etc.), social communication causes speech, song and whistling, while entirely voluntary overrides are used to blow out candles, and breath holding (for instance, to swim underwater).
Hanger reflex - reflex of unclear purpose that causes the head to rotate to the right when the top sides of the head are under pressure, named because it can be easily activated with a coat hanger; Hering–Breuer reflex — is a reflex triggered to prevent over-inflation of the lung
The hypersensitivity of vagal afferent nerves causes refractory or idiopathic cough. Arnold's nerve ear-cough reflex, though uncommon, is a manifestation of a vagal sensory neuropathy and this is the cause of a refractory chronic cough that can be treated with gabapentin. The cough is triggered by mechanical stimulation of the external auditory ...