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Taxus brevifolia. Chemicals extracted from clippings of Taxus brevifolia (Pacific yew) have been used as the basis for two chemotherapy drugs, docetaxel and paclitaxel. [8] Euphorbia peplus. Contains ingenol mebutate (Picato) which is used to treat skin cancer [9] Maytenus ovatus
Taxus brevifolia, the Pacific yew or western yew, is a species of tree in the yew family Taxaceae native to the Pacific Northwest of North America. It is a small evergreen conifer , thriving in moisture and otherwise tending to take the form of a shrub .
Taxine can be found in Taxus species: Taxus cuspidata, T. baccata (English yew), Taxus x media, Taxus canadensis, Taxus floridana, and Taxus brevifolia (Pacific or western yew). All of these species contain taxine in every part of the plant except in the aril , [ citation needed ] the fleshy covering of the seeds (berries).
The Pacific yew (Taxus brevifolia), native to the Pacific Northwest of North America, and the Canada yew (Taxus canadensis) of Eastern and Central North America were the initial sources of paclitaxel or Taxol, a chemotherapeutic drug used in breast and lung cancer treatment and, more recently, in the production of the Taxus drug eluting stent ...
Paclitaxel, in contrast, is a tubulin polymerization stabilizer and is used as a chemotherapeutic drug. Paclitaxel is based on the terpenoid natural product taxol, which is isolated from Taxus brevifolia (the pacific yew tree). [109] A class of drugs widely used to lower cholesterol are the HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors, for example atorvastatin.
They are many-branched, small trees and shrubs.The leaves are evergreen, spirally arranged, often twisted at the base to appear 2-ranked.They are linear to lanceolate, and have pale green or white stomatal bands on the undersides.
Scopolamine was later found to be medicinally used for pain management prior to and during labor; in smaller doses it is used to prevent motion sickness. [124] One of the best-known medicinally valuable terpenes is an anticancer drug, taxol, isolated from the bark of the Pacific yew, Taxus brevifolia, in the early 1960s. [125]
It is most prominently given to any of various coniferous trees and shrubs in the genus Taxus: European yew or common yew (Taxus baccata) Pacific yew or western yew (Taxus brevifolia) Canadian yew (Taxus canadensis) Chinese yew (Taxus chinensis) Japanese yew (Taxus cuspidata) Florida yew (Taxus floridana) Mexican yew (Taxus globosa)