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Autonomation relieves the worker of the need to continuously judge whether the operation of the machine is normal; their efforts are now only engaged when there is a problem alerted by the machine. As well as making the work more interesting this is a necessary step if the worker is to be asked later to supervise several machines.
Autonomous organizations or institutions are independent or self-governing. Autonomy can also be defined from a human resources perspective, where it denotes a (relatively high) level of discretion granted to an employee in his or her work. [1] In such cases, autonomy is known to generally increase job satisfaction.
We can distinguish semi-autonomous and autonomous teams. The difference is the degree of autonomy of the group. Nowadays, more and more companies are employing (semi-) autonomous work groups, such as companies in the automobile industry, mass distribution sector, and start-ups. To succeed and perform its tasks, a (semi-) autonomous team needs: [2]
Bass (1990) suggested that autonomous work groups can substitute for formal leadership. In this scenario, employees are divided into groups that are responsible for managing their own day-to-day work (i.e. collective control over the pace, distribution of tasks, organization of breaks, recruitment, and training; Gulowsen, 1972).
In some instances, it is deemed in the public interest (by the legislative branch of government) for regulatory agencies to be given powers in addition to the above. This more interventionist form of regulation is common in the provision of public utilities, which are subject to economic regulation. In this case, regulatory agencies have powers to:
As of 14 November 2023, the UGC lists 124 institutes which were granted the deemed to be university status. [2] In 2017, a distinct category of deemed universities was established called Institutes of Eminence Deemed to be Universities , which are regulated differently from other deemed universities to develop into world-class institutions.
More recent research suggests that incentives and bonuses can have positive effects on performance and autonomous motivation. [20] According to this research, the key is aligning bonuses and incentives to reinforce, rather than hamper, a sense of autonomy, competence and relatedness (the three needs that self determination theory identifies for ...
In official documents they are called "autonomous bodies", [8] "university-level institutions", [9] or even simply "other central institutions". [10] Such institutes include: Indian Institutes of Technology (IITs) are a group of autonomous engineering, science, and management institutes with special funding and administration.