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The idle line state is when the device is connected to the host with a pull-up on either D+ (for full speed USB 1.x) or D− (for low speed USB 1.x), with transmitter output on both host and device is set to high impedance (hi-Z) (disconnected output). A USB device pulls one of the data lines high with a 1.5 kΩ resistor.
In USB 3.0, dual-bus architecture is used to allow both USB 2.0 (Full Speed, Low Speed, or High Speed) and USB 3.0 (SuperSpeed) operations to take place simultaneously, thus providing backward compatibility. The structural topology is the same, consisting of a tiered star topology with a root hub at level 0 and hubs at lower levels to provide ...
A number of extensions to the USB Specifications have progressively further increased the maximum allowable V_BUS voltage: starting with 6.0 V with USB BC 1.2, [43] to 21.5 V with USB PD 2.0 [44] and 50.9 V with USB PD 3.1, [44] while still maintaining backwards compatibility with USB 2.0 by requiring various forms of handshake before ...
However, the UHBR10 DP speed matches USB4 Gen 2 in bit rate and encoding, whereas the UHBR20 DP speed matches USB4 Gen 3 in bit rate and encoding. A USB and DP certification service lists USB Gen 1 cables ("5 Gbps") as supporting UHBR10 speeds, which would fit for having the same requirements as USB4 "20 Gbps" connections.
The USB-IF used WiGig Serial Extension v1.2 specification as its initial foundation for the MA-USB specification and is compliant with SuperSpeed USB (3.0 and 3.1) and Hi-Speed USB (USB 2.0). Devices that use MA-USB will be branded as "Powered by MA-USB", provided the product qualifies its certification program. [106]
If a low-speed or full-speed USB device is attached to connectors 1 or 2, it will be routed to the root hub ports of one of the OHCI controllers for management, and low-speed and full-speed USB devices attached to connectors 3 or 4 will be routed to the root hub ports of the other OHCI controller.
The D+/D− link for USB 2.0/1.1 is typically not used when a USB 3.x connection is active, but devices like hubs open simultaneous 2.0 and 3.x uplinks in order to allow operation of both types of devices connected to it. Other devices may have the ability to fall back to 2.0, in case the 3.x connection fails.
The physical phenomena on which the device relies (such as spinning platters in a hard drive) will also impose limits; for instance, no spinning platter shipping in 2009 saturates SATA revision 2.0 (3 Gbit/s), so moving from this 3 Gbit/s interface to USB 3.0 at 4.8 Gbit/s for one spinning drive will result in no increase in realized transfer rate.