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Soldering copper pipes using a propane torch and a lead-free solder. Solder is a metallic material that is used to connect metal workpieces. The choice of specific solder alloys depends on their melting point, chemical reactivity, mechanical properties, toxicity, and other properties. Hence a wide range of solder alloys exist, and only major ...
Tin-silver-copper (Sn-Ag-Cu, also known as SAC), is a lead-free alloy commonly used for electronic solder.It is the main choice for lead-free surface-mount technology (SMT) assembly in the industry, [1] as it is near eutectic, with adequate thermal fatigue properties, strength, and wettability. [2]
Solderability when using lead-free alloys can differ significantly from solderability when using lead based alloys. Noble metals may be easy to solder but they have brittle joints. The metals in the good category require a large amount of heat therefore oxidation is an issue. To overcome this a flux is required.
Board finishes vs wave soldering bath impurities buildup: HASL, lead-free (Hot Air Level): usually virtually pure tin. Does not contaminate high-tin baths. HASL, leaded: some lead dissolves into the bath; ENIG (Electroless Nickel Immersion Gold): typically 100-200 microinches of nickel with 3-5 microinches of gold on top.
Additionally, tin is a more corrosive metal, and can eventually lead to the failure of solder baths [clarification needed]. [36] Lead-free construction has also extended to components, pins, and connectors. Most of these pins used copper frames, and either lead, tin, gold or other finishes. Tin finishes are the most popular of lead-free finishes.
Pewters containing lead are no longer used in items that will come in contact with the human body (such as cups, plates, or jewelry), due to the toxicity of lead. Modern pewters are available that are completely free of lead, although many pewters containing lead are still being produced for other purposes.
A solder paste is essentially powdered solder suspended in flux paste. The tackiness of the flux holds components in place until the soldering reflow process melts the solder. As a result of environmental legislation, most solders today, including solder pastes, are made of lead-free alloys [citation needed].
The European Restriction of Hazardous Substances Directive (RoHS), which took effect on July 1, 2006, restricted the use of lead in various types of electronic and electrical equipment. This has driven the use of lead-free alloys with a focus on preventing whisker formation (see § Mitigation and elimination). Others have focused on the ...
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