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Aphasia, also known as dysphasia, [a] is an impairment in a person’s ability to comprehend or formulate language because of damage to specific brain regions. [2] The major causes are stroke and head trauma; prevalence is hard to determine, but aphasia due to stroke is estimated to be 0.1–0.4% in developed countries. [3]
In very severe forms of expressive aphasia, a person may only speak using single word utterances. [4] [5] Typically, comprehension is mildly to moderately impaired in expressive aphasia due to difficulty understanding complex grammar. [4] [5] It is caused by acquired damage to the frontal regions of the brain, such as Broca's area. [6]
They had lost the ability to speak after injury to the posterior inferior frontal gyrus (pars triangularis) (BA45) of the brain. [7] Since then, the approximate region he identified has become known as Broca's area, and the deficit in language production as Broca's aphasia , also called expressive aphasia .
Neuronal changes after damage to the brain such as collateral sprouting, increased activation of the homologous areas, and map extension demonstrate the brain's neuroplastic abilities. According to Thomson, "Portions of the right hemisphere, extended left brain sites, or both have been shown to be recruited to perform language functions after ...
Anomia can be genetic or caused by damage to various parts of the parietal lobe or the temporal lobe of the brain due to traumatic injury, stroke, or a brain tumor. [8] While anomic aphasia is primarily caused by structural lesions, they may also originate in Alzheimer's disease (anomia may be the earliest language deficit in posterior cortical ...
Sign language refers to any natural language which uses visual gestures produced by the hands and body language to express meaning. The brain's left side is the dominant side utilized for producing and understanding sign language, just as it is for speech. [1]
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The insula is implicated in speech and language, taking part in functional and structural connections with motor neurons, linguistic, sensory, and limbic brain areas. [10] The knowledge about the function of the insula in speech production comes from different studies with patients having speech apraxia .