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The Hadamard product operates on identically shaped matrices and produces a third matrix of the same dimensions. In mathematics, the Hadamard product (also known as the element-wise product, entrywise product [1]: ch. 5 or Schur product [2]) is a binary operation that takes in two matrices of the same dimensions and returns a matrix of the multiplied corresponding elements.
Let H be a Hadamard matrix of order n.The transpose of H is closely related to its inverse.In fact: = where I n is the n × n identity matrix and H T is the transpose of H.To see that this is true, notice that the rows of H are all orthogonal vectors over the field of real numbers and each have length .
In mathematics, the Hadamard product may refer to: Hadamard product of two matrices , the matrix such that each entry is the product of the corresponding entries of the input matrices Hadamard product of two power series , the power series whose coefficients are the product of the corresponding coefficients of the input series
Hadamard product (element-wise multiplication): The mixed-product property also works for the element-wise product. If A and C are matrices of the same size, B and D are matrices of the same size, then [ 7 ]
In mathematics, particularly in linear algebra, the Schur product theorem states that the Hadamard product of two positive definite matrices is also a positive definite matrix. The result is named after Issai Schur [ 1 ] (Schur 1911, p. 14, Theorem VII) (note that Schur signed as J. Schur in Journal für die reine und angewandte Mathematik .
The Kronecker product of two Hadamard matrices of sizes m and n is an Hadamard matrix of size mn. By forming Kronecker products of matrices from the Paley construction and the 2 × 2 matrix, = [], Hadamard matrices of every permissible size up to 100 except for 92 are produced.
Two complex Hadamard matrices are called equivalent, written , if there exist diagonal unitary matrices , and permutation matrices, such that =. Any complex Hadamard matrix is equivalent to a dephased Hadamard matrix, in which all elements in the first row and first column are equal to unity.
Hadamard's maximal determinant problem, named after Jacques Hadamard, asks for the largest determinant of a matrix with elements equal to 1 or −1. The analogous question for matrices with elements equal to 0 or 1 is equivalent since, as will be shown below, the maximal determinant of a {1,−1} matrix of size n is 2 n−1 times the maximal determinant of a {0,1} matrix of size n−1.