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The French horn (since the 1930s known simply as the horn in professional music circles) is a brass instrument made of tubing wrapped into a coil with a flared bell. The double horn in F/B ♭ (technically a variety of German horn) is the horn most often used by players in professional orchestras and bands, although the descant and triple horn have become increasingly popular.
The saxhorns form a family of seven brass instruments (although at one point ten different sizes seem to have existed). Designed for band use, they are pitched alternately in E ♭ and B ♭, like the saxophone group. Modern saxhorns still manufactured and in use: B ♭ soprano saxhorn: flugelhorn [1] E ♭ alto/tenor saxhorn: alto/tenor horn
Modern brass instruments however generally make use of the full length of the instrument for every pitch, and are therefore significantly affected by the effects of the mouthpiece and bell. These modify the instrument's resonances to closely resemble that of a conical pipe, even if the bore is mostly cylindrical. [2]
In a French horn, the length of tubing (and the bore size) make the partials much closer together than other brass instruments in their normal range and, therefore, harder to play accurately. The F mellophone has tubing half the length of a French horn, which gives it an overtone series more similar to a trumpet and most other brass instruments.
The flugelhorn's mouthpiece is more deeply conical than either trumpet or cornet mouthpieces, but not as conical as a French horn mouthpiece. Some modern flugelhorns feature a fourth valve that lowers the pitch by a perfect fourth (similar to the fourth valve on some euphoniums , tubas , and piccolo trumpets , or the trigger on trombones ).
The Tenor horn (British English; Alto horn in American English, Althorn in Germany; occasionally referred to as E ♭ horn) is a brass instrument in the saxhorn family and is usually pitched in E ♭. It has a bore that is mostly conical, like the flugelhorn and euphonium, [2] and normally uses a deep, cornet-like mouthpiece.
The tenor saxophone is a medium-sized member of the saxophone family, a group of instruments invented by Adolphe Sax in the 1840s. The tenor and the alto are the two most commonly used saxophones. The tenor is pitched in the key of B ♭ (while the alto is pitched in the key of E ♭ ), and written as a transposing instrument in the treble clef ...
The low alto bugle was an instrument designed in the 1990s by Zigmant Kanstul. This instrument is nearly identical to a French horn bugle in bore size, bell diameter, and length of tubing, but instead of a French horn mouthpiece receiver, the low alto has an alto horn mouthpiece receiver.
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