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There are two reasons actual sales can vary from planned sales: either the volume sold varied from the expected quantity, known as sales volume variance, or the price point at which units were sold differed from the expected price points, known as sales price variance. Both scenarios could also simultaneously contribute to the variance.
Price variance (Vmp) is a term used in cost accounting which denotes the difference between the expected cost of an item (standard cost) and the actual cost at the time of purchase. [1] The price of an item is often affected by the quantity of items ordered, and this is taken into consideration.
The volatilities in the market for 90 days are 18% and for 180 days 16.6%. In our notation we have , = 18% and , = 16.6% (treating a year as 360 days). We want to find the forward volatility for the period starting with day 91 and ending with day 180.
Variance analysis can be carried out for both costs and revenues. Variance analysis is usually associated with explaining the difference (or variance) between actual costs and the standard costs allowed for the good output. For example, the difference in materials costs can be divided into a materials price variance and a materials usage variance.
The formulas used above to convert returns or volatility measures from one time period to another assume a particular underlying model or process. These formulas are accurate extrapolations of a random walk, or Wiener process, whose steps have finite variance. However, more generally, for natural stochastic processes, the precise relationship ...
Volume Analysis (also referred to as price–volume trend and volume oscillators) is an example of a type of technical analysis that examines the volume of traded securities to confirm and predict price trends.
Realized variance or realised variance (RV, see spelling differences) is the sum of squared returns.For instance the RV can be the sum of squared daily returns for a particular month, which would yield a measure of price variation over this month.
The general formula for variance decomposition or the law of total variance is: If and are two random variables, and the ...