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  2. Stephen Toulmin - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephen_Toulmin

    Stephen Edelston Toulmin (/ ˈ t uː l m ɪ n /; 25 March 1922 – 4 December 2009) was a British philosopher, author, and educator.Influenced by Ludwig Wittgenstein, Toulmin devoted his works to the analysis of moral reasoning.

  3. Argumentation theory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argumentation_theory

    The Toulmin model assumes that an argument starts with a fact or claim and ends with a conclusion, but ignores an argument's underlying questions. In the example "Harry was born in Bermuda, so Harry must be a British subject", the question "Is Harry a British subject?"

  4. Design rationale - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Design_rationale

    The earliest argumentation-based model used by many design rationale systems is the Toulmin model. [7] The Toulmin model defines the rules of design rationale argumentation with six steps: [21] Claim is made; Supporting data are provided; Warrant provides evidence to the existing relations; Warrant can be supported by a backing; Model ...

  5. Argument map - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argument_map

    A Toulmin argument diagram, redrawn from his 1959 Uses of Argument A generalised Toulmin diagram. Stephen Toulmin, in his groundbreaking and influential 1958 book The Uses of Argument, [22] identified several elements to an argument which have been generalized. The Toulmin diagram is widely used in educational critical teaching.

  6. Unseen species problem - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unseen_species_problem

    The research also found that there are at total of = different words that appear more than 100 times. Therefore, the total number of unique words was found to be 31,534. [ 1 ] Applying the Good–Toulmin model, if an equal number of works by Shakespeare were discovered, then it is estimated that U words ≈ 11,460 {\displaystyle U^{\text{words ...

  7. Glossary of rhetorical terms - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_rhetorical_terms

    Toulmin model – a method of diagramming arguments created by Stephen Toulmin that identifies such components as backing, claim, data, qualifier, rebuttal, and warrant. Tricolon – the pattern of three phrases in parallel, found commonly in Western writing after Cicero—for example, the kitten had white fur, blue eyes, and a pink tongue.

  8. Appeal to the stone - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Appeal_to_the_stone

    Toulmin argumentation framework example. As demonstrated in Toulmin’s argumentation framework, the grounds of an assumption require warrant and backing to legitimize the claim and prove the soundness of the conclusion. The framework involves a claim, grounds, warrant, qualifier, rebuttal, and backing. The initial claim of an argument is the ...

  9. Toulmin model - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/?title=Toulmin_model&redirect=no

    This page was last edited on 5 October 2006, at 20:38 (UTC).; Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License; additional terms may ...