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The Institute for Public Relations (IPR) is a United States-based, non-profit organization that organizes and sponsors research on public relations. [1] [2]The IPR traces its origins to the 1956 establishment of the Foundations for Public Relations Research and Education, a program of the Public Relations Society of America (PRSA). [3]
The Chartered Institute of Public Relations (CIPR) is a professional body in the United Kingdom for public relations practitioners. Founded as the Institute for Public Relations in 1948, [2] CIPR was awarded Chartered status by the Privy Council of the United Kingdom in 2005 and added "Chartered" to its name. [3] As of late 2012, CIPR had ...
Negative public relations, also called dark public relations (DPR), 'black hat PR' and in some earlier writing "Black PR", is a process of destroying the target's reputation and/or corporate identity. The objective in DPR is to discredit someone else, who may pose a threat to the client's business or be a political rival.
Public relations can be described as all of the following: Academic discipline – branch of knowledge that is taught and researched at the college or university level. . Disciplines are defined (in part), and recognized by the academic journals in which research is published, and the learned societies and academic departments or faculties to which their practitioners be
The Public Relations Journal is an open-access peer-reviewed, electronic academic journal covering topics having to do with public relations and communication studies. It is published quarterly by the Institute for Public Relations and the Public Relations Society of America. [1] The editor-in-chief is Hilary Fussell Sisco (Quinnipiac ...
The APR credential was established in 1964 as a certification program sponsored by the Public Relations Society of America (PRSA). [1] The PRSA continued to manage the program until 1998 when the Universal Accreditation Board - consisting of approximately 25 representatives from nine major PR professional societies — was formed as part of an effort to make the credential an industry-wide ...
The Public Relations Society of America (PRSA) is a 501(c)(6) not-for-profit organization trade association serving the public relations and communication community. It was founded in 1947 by combining the American Council on Public Relations and the National Association of Public Relations Councils.
According to The Global Public Relations Handbook, public relations evolved from a series of "press agents or publicists" to a manner of theory and practice in the 1980s. [22] Research was published in academic journals like Public Relations Review and the Journal of Public Relations Research. This led to an industry consensus to categorize PR ...