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  2. Type 1 and type 2 sequence - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Type_1_and_type_2_sequence

    The definition of a type 1 and type 2 sequence was first introduced by Vail et al. (1984). [4] Since they were hard to recognize, they were redefined in 1990 by Van Wagoner et al.. However even with this new definition, type 2 sequence boundaries were hard to recognize in the field due to their lack of subaerial exposure.

  3. Global Boundary Stratotype Section and Point - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Global_Boundary_Stratotype...

    A Global Boundary Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP), sometimes referred to as a golden spike, is an internationally agreed upon reference point on a stratigraphic section which defines the lower boundary of a stage on the geologic time scale.

  4. List of Global Boundary Stratotype Sections and Points

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Global_Boundary...

    This is a list of Global Boundary Stratotype Sections and Points. Since 1977, Global Boundary Stratotype Sections and Points (abbreviated GSSPs) are internationally agreed upon reference points on stratigraphic sections of rock which define the lower boundaries of stages on the geologic time scale .

  5. Contact (geology) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contact_(geology)

    The golden spikes on geologic timescales represent internationally agreed upon references for the boundaries of the stages in the geologic timescale. These contacts have been identified by the International Commission on Stratigraphy and they are known as GSSPs, or global boundary stratotype section and points. Some of these boundary points are ...

  6. Stratigraphy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stratigraphy

    Stratigraphy is a branch of geology concerned with the study of rock layers and layering (stratification). It is primarily used in the study of sedimentary and layered volcanic rocks . Stratigraphy has three related subfields: lithostratigraphy (lithologic stratigraphy), biostratigraphy (biologic stratigraphy), and chronostratigraphy ...

  7. Sequence stratigraphy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sequence_stratigraphy

    Sequence stratigraphy is a branch of geology, specifically a branch of stratigraphy, that attempts to discern and understand historic geology through time by subdividing and linking sedimentary deposits into unconformity bounded units on a variety of scales.

  8. Stratigraphic section - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stratigraphic_section

    Stratigraphic sections can also be used to locate areas for water, coal, and hydrocarbon extraction, particularly petroleum and natural gas. A Global Boundary Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP) is an internationally agreed upon reference point on a stratigraphic section which defines the lower boundaries of stages on the geologic time scale ...

  9. Stage (stratigraphy) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stage_(stratigraphy)

    For younger stages, a Global Boundary Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP), a physical outcrop clearly demonstrates the boundary. For older stages, a Global Standard Stratigraphic Age (GSSA) is an absolute date. The benchmarks will give a much greater certainty that results can be compared with confidence in the date determinations, and such ...