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Puebloan societies incorporate elements of three major cultures that dominated the Southwestern United States before European contact: the Mogollon culture, whose adherents occupied an area near the Gila Wilderness; the Hohokam culture; and the Ancestral Pueblo culture, who occupied the Chaco Canyon and Mesa Verde regions in the Four Corners area.
The Ancestral Puebloans, also known as the Anasazi and by the earlier term the Basketmaker-Pueblo culture, were an ancient Native American culture that spanned the present-day Four Corners region of the United States, comprising southeastern Utah, northeastern Arizona, northwestern New Mexico, and southwestern Colorado.
Puebloan societies contain elements of three major cultures that dominated the Southwest United States region before European contact: the Mogollon Culture, whose adherents occupied an area near Gila Wilderness; the Hohokam Culture; and the Ancestral Puebloan Culture who occupied the Chaco Canyon and Mesa Verde regions of the Four Corners area.
Pueblo peoples have lived in the American Southwest for millennia and descend from the ancestral Puebloans. [3] The term Anasazi is sometimes used to refer to ancestral Pueblo people, but it is now largely avoided. Anasazi is a Navajo word that means Ancient Ones or Ancient Enemy, hence Pueblo peoples' rejection of it (see exonym). [4]
The Basketmaker culture of the pre-Ancestral Puebloans began about 1500 BC and continued until about AD 750 with the beginning of the Pueblo I Era. The prehistoric American southwestern culture was named "Basketmaker" for the large number of baskets found at archaeological sites of 3,000 to 2,000 years ago.
The word pueblo is the Spanish word both for "town" or "village" and for "people". It comes from the Latin root word populus meaning "people". Spanish colonials applied the term to their own civic settlements, but to only those Native American settlements having fixed locations and permanent buildings.
Ancient Pueblo People Oshara Tradition, the northern tradition of the earlier Picosa culture , was a Southwestern Archaic tradition centered in the area now called New Mexico and Colorado . Cynthia Irwin-Williams developed the sequence of Archaic culture for Oshara during her work in the Arroyo Cuervo area of northwestern New Mexico.
The Pueblo V Period (AD 1600 to present) is the final period of ancestral puebloan culture in the American Southwest, or Oasisamerica, and includes the contemporary Pueblo peoples. From the previous Pueblo IV Period , all 19 of the Rio Grande valley pueblos remain in the contemporary period.