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The difference is known as the drift, and can be determined by the wind triangle. At least seven ways to measure the heading of a vehicle have been described. [1] Heading is typically based on cardinal directions, so 0° (or 360°) indicates a direction toward true north, 90° true east, 180° true south, and 270° true west. [1]
A drift meter consists of a small telescope extended vertically through the bottom of the aircraft with the eyepiece inside the fuselage at the navigator's station. A reticle, typically consisting of spaced parallel lines, is rotated until objects on the ground are seen to be moving parallel to the vertical lines.
The drift angle is marked in red. While dead reckoning can give the best available information on the present position with little math or analysis, it is subject to significant errors of approximation. For precise positional information, both speed and direction must be accurately known at all times during travel.
For example, if an IMU installed in an aeroplane moving along a certain direction vector were to measure a plane's acceleration as 5 m/s 2 for 1 second, then after that 1 second the guidance computer would deduce that the plane must be traveling at 5 m/s and must be 2.5 m from its initial position (assuming v 0 =0 and known starting position ...
An inertial navigation system (INS; also inertial guidance system, inertial instrument) is a navigation device that uses motion sensors (accelerometers), rotation sensors and a computer to continuously calculate by dead reckoning the position, the orientation, and the velocity (direction and speed of movement) of a moving object without the ...
Step 5. Measure length of course by using speed of 8.8 knots and converting into nautical miles via the time, speed, and distance scale; Step 6. Connect the two ends of the vectors from the current course to the course made good. Thus creating your set and drift vector; Step 7. Using the navigational triangle, place on set and drift vector.
Because water currents or wind can cause a craft to drift off course, a navigator sets a course to steer that compensates for drift. The helmsman or pilot points the craft on a heading that corresponds to the course to steer. If the predicted drift is correct, then the craft's track will correspond to the planned course to the next waypoint.
In the oil industry, a deviation survey, [1] or simply a survey, is the measurement of a borehole's departure from the vertical, expressed in degrees (°).. When a well plan dictates the drilling of a straight borehole, surveys are periodically taken to ensure that it will hit its target and also to ensure that it does not trespass underneath different property lines.