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Diagram showing the basic physiologic mechanisms of the kidney. The kidney's ability to perform many of its functions depends on the three fundamental functions of filtration, reabsorption, and secretion, whose sum is called renal clearance or renal excretion. That is: Urinary excretion rate = Filtration rate – Reabsorption rate + Secretion ...
The formation of urine begins within the functional unit of the kidney, the nephrons. Urine then flows through the nephrons, through a system of converging tubules called collecting ducts. These collecting ducts then join together to form the minor calyces, followed by the major calyces that ultimately join the renal pelvis. From here, urine ...
Diagram showing the basic physiologic mechanisms of the kidney. In renal physiology, ultrafiltration occurs at the barrier between the blood and the filtrate in the glomerular capsule (Bowman's capsule) in the kidneys.
The nephron uses four mechanisms to convert blood into urine: filtration, reabsorption, secretion, and excretion. [5]: 395–396 These apply to numerous substances. The structure and function of the epithelial cells lining the lumen change during the course of the nephron, and have segments named by their location and which reflects their ...
Urine is excreted through the renal papillae into the calyces and then into the pelvis, ureter, and bladder. [62] [28] Then it is excreted outside through the urethra. [64] In monotremes, the ureters open into the urogenital sinus, which is connected to the urinary bladder and cloaca, [65] and urine is excreted into the cloaca instead of the ...
The urinary bladder is the organ that collects urine from the kidneys. It is a hollow muscular, and distensible (or elastic) organ, and sits on the pelvic floor. Urine enters the bladder via the ureters and exits via the urethra during urination.
Renal corpuscle showing glomerulus and glomerular capillaries Figure 2: (a) Diagram of the juxtaglomerular apparatus: it has specialized cells working as a unit which monitor the sodiujuxtaglomerular apparatus: it has three types of specm content of the fluid in the distal convoluted tubule (not labelled - it is the tubule on the left) and adjust the glomerular filtration rate and the rate of ...
The processes of blood plasma filtration, tubular reabsorption and tubular secretion occur in the kidneys, and urine formation is a result of these processes. [8] The kidneys produce renin [ 32 ] and erythropoietin [ 33 ] hormones , and are involved in the conversion of vitamin D to its active form. [ 34 ]