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These rituals have undergone a great revitalisation in post-Maoist China, creating a public space in which the Chinese state and popular Confucian movements jostle and negotiate with each other. [2] Worship of cosmological gods and of Confucius, [3] [2] is carried out regularly at consecrated public spaces.
Confucianism originated in China and was brought to Indonesia by Chinese merchants as early as the 3rd century AD. Unlike other religions, Confucianism evolved more into loose individual practices and belief in the code of conduct, rather than a well-organised community with a sound theology—akin to a way of life or social movement than a ...
The Book of Rites, along with the Rites of Zhou (Zhōulǐ) and the Book of Etiquette and Rites (Yílǐ), which are together known as the "Three Li (Sānlǐ)," constitute the ritual section of the Five Classics which lay at the core of the traditional Confucian canon (each of the "five" classics is a group of works rather than a single text).
The rituals and practices of li are dynamic [clarification needed] in nature. Li practices have been revised and evaluated throughout time to reflect emerging views and beliefs. [ 9 ] [ 4 ] Although these practices may change, which happens very slowly over time, the fundamental ideals remain at the core of li , which largely relate to social ...
The Jesuits, including Matteo Ricci, saw Chinese rituals as "civil rituals" that could co-exist alongside the spiritual rituals of Catholicism. [ 148 ] By the early 18th century, this initial portrayal was rejected by the Dominicans and Franciscans , creating a dispute among Catholics in East Asia that was known as the "Rites Controversy". [ 149 ]
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This tradition receded after the Yuan dynasty (1271–1368), when neo-Confucianism underscored the importance of the Analects over the other arts and technical fields. [ citation needed ] At the Guozijian , the Imperial University, law, math, calligraphy, equestrianism , and archery were emphasized by the Ming Hongwu Emperor in addition to the ...
The word Gwanhonsangje (冠婚喪祭) was first used in the classic book Ye-gi (예기禮記), and has since been used in many other works describing various rites. Similar weddings and other practices have been observed since the period of the Three Kingdoms, [1] [2] although it is unclear whether the concept of a Confucian wedding ceremony was firmly established at that time.