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Philipp Scheidemann proclaims the republic from the Reichstag building on 9 November 1918. The proclamation of the republic in Germany took place in Berlin twice on 9 November 1918, the first at the Reichstag building by Philipp Scheidemann of the Majority Social Democratic Party of Germany (MSPD) and the second a few hours later by Karl Liebknecht, the leader of the Marxist Spartacus League ...
The Weimar Republic, [d] officially known as the German Reich, [e] was a historical period of Germany from 9 November 1918 to 23 March 1933, during which it was a constitutional republic for the first time in history; hence it is also referred to, and unofficially proclaimed itself, as the German Republic.
The period, known in Germany as the "Goldene Zwanziger" (Golden Twenties), was marked by internal consolidation and rapprochement in foreign affairs [133] along with a growing economy and a consequent decrease in civil unrest. [134] The Weimar Republic was always under great pressure from both left-wing and right-wing extremists.
The date of the formal reunification of Germany, 3 October 1990, was therefore chosen as the date for this German national holiday, and it replaced June 17th, the celebration of the uprising of 1953 in East Germany. [2] East Germany opened checkpoints on this day which allowed people to cross into West Germany.
Erich Ludendorff in 1918. He made the initial decision to have the democratic parties in the Empire take the blame for the lost war. At the end of September 1918 when the German Army was facing inevitable defeat in World War I, the Supreme Army Command (OHL) under Generals Paul von Hindenburg and Erich Ludendorff called on the government to offer a ceasefire to the Entente powers and to amend ...
Such an action was not covered by the Reich's constitution even after the October reforms. To anticipate the proclamation of a socialist soviet republic planned by the Spartacist Karl Liebknecht, the Social Democrat Philipp Scheidemann proclaimed a republic on the same day. On 11 November Germany signed the Armistice of Compiègne.
The 1949 Constitution of the German Democratic Republic (East Germany) contained many passages that were directly copied from the 1919 constitution. [46] It was intended to be the constitution of a united Germany and was therefore a compromise between liberal-democratic and Marxist–Leninist ideologies.
From 1954 to 1990, 17 June was an official holiday in the Federal Republic of Germany to commemorate the East German uprising of 1953, even with the name "German Unity Day". [8] Since 1963, it was proclaimed by the President of the Federal Republic as "National Day of Memorial of the German People".