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Henry Gwyn Jeffreys Moseley (/ ˈ m oʊ z l i /; 23 November 1887 – 10 August 1915) was an English physicist, whose contribution to the science of physics was the justification from physical laws of the previous empirical and chemical concept of the atomic number.
The law had been discovered and published by the English physicist Henry Moseley in 1913–1914. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Until Moseley's work, "atomic number" was merely an element's place in the periodic table and was not known to be associated with any measurable physical quantity. [ 3 ]
1913 Henry Moseley shows that nuclear charge is the real basis for numbering the elements; 1913 Johannes Stark demonstrates that strong electric fields will split the Balmer spectral line series of hydrogen; 1913 Niels Bohr presents his quantum model of the atom [3] 1913 Robert Millikan measures the fundamental unit of electric charge
In 1913, Henry Moseley measured the X-ray emissions of all the elements on the periodic table and found that the frequency of the X-ray emissions was a mathematical function of the element's atomic number and the charge of a hydrogen nucleus (see Moseley's law). [citation needed]
In 1913, Henry Moseley, ... In the 1940s many physicists turned from molecular or atomic physics to nuclear physics (like J. Robert Oppenheimer or Edward Teller).
Ernest Rutherford, 1st Baron Rutherford of Nelson (30 August 1871 – 19 October 1937) was a New Zealand physicist who was a pioneering researcher in both atomic and nuclear physics. He has been described as "the father of nuclear physics", [ 7 ] and "the greatest experimentalist since Michael Faraday ". [ 8 ]
Henry Moseley shows that nuclear charge is the real basis for numbering the elements and discovers a systematic relation between wavelength and atomic number by using x-ray spectra obtained by diffraction in crystals. [5]
In 1913 Antonius van den Broek suggested that the nuclear charge and atomic weight were not connected, clearing the way for the idea that atomic number and nuclear charge were the same. This idea was quickly taken up by Rutherford's team and was confirmed experimentally within two years by Henry Moseley. [1]: 52 These are the key indicators: