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[70] [71] American physical chemists Gilbert N. Lewis and Richard C. Tolman used two variations of the formula in 1909: m = E / c 2 and m 0 = E 0 / c 2 , with E being the relativistic energy (the energy of an object when the object is moving), E 0 is the rest energy (the energy when not moving), m is the relativistic mass (the ...
But in a relativistic theory of gravity, mass cannot be the only source of gravity. Relativity links mass with energy, and energy with momentum. The equivalence between mass and energy, as expressed by the formula E = mc 2, is the most famous consequence of special relativity. In relativity, mass and energy are two different ways of describing ...
The book aims to provide an explanation of the theory of relativity that is accessible to a general reader. The authors tell the history of Albert Einstein's equation, E=mc², and explain what it stands for. [2] [3]
for the kinetic energy of an electron. In elaboration of this he published a paper (received September 27, November 1905), in which Einstein showed that when a material body lost energy (either radiation or heat) of amount E, its mass decreased by the amount E/c 2. This led to the famous mass–energy equivalence formula: E = mc 2.
The equivalence principle is the hypothesis that the observed equivalence of gravitational and inertial mass is a consequence of nature. The weak form, known for centuries, relates to masses of any composition in free fall taking the same trajectories and landing at identical times.
If the body is at rest (v = 0), i.e. in its center-of-momentum frame (p = 0), we have E = E 0 and m = m 0; thus the energy–momentum relation and both forms of the mass–energy relation (mentioned above) all become the same. A more general form of relation holds for general relativity.
The relativistic Lagrangian can be derived in relativistic mechanics to be of the form: = (˙) (, ˙,). Although, unlike non-relativistic mechanics, the relativistic Lagrangian is not expressed as difference of kinetic energy with potential energy, the relativistic Hamiltonian corresponds to total energy in a similar manner but without including rest energy.
Olinto De Pretto (26 April 1857 – 16 March 1921) was an Italian industrialist and geologist from Schio, Vicenza.It is claimed by an [additional citation(s) needed] Italian mathematician, Umberto Bartocci, [1] [2] that De Pretto may have been the first person to derive the energy–mass-equivalence =, generally attributed to Albert Einstein.