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A solution of nitric acid, water and alcohol, nital, is used for etching metals to reveal the microstructure. ISO 14104 is one of the standards detailing this well known procedure. [45] Nitric acid is used either in combination with hydrochloric acid or alone to clean glass cover slips and glass slides for high-end microscopy applications. [46]
Methyl nitrate can be produced on a laboratory or industrial scale either through the distillation of a mixture of methanol and nitric acid, or by the nitration of methanol by a mixture of sulfuric and nitric acids. The first procedure is not preferred due to the great explosion danger presented by the methyl nitrate vapour.
A base other than ammonia must be added before the acid dinitramide decomposes. The final product is obtained by fractional crystallization. Another synthesis known as the urethane synthesis method requires four synthesis steps and results in a yield of up to 60%. [12] Ethyl carbamate is nitrated with nitric acid:
Albertus Magnus, in the 13th century, documented the ability of nitric acid to separate gold and silver by dissolving the silver. [8] Indeed silver nitrate can be prepared by dissolving silver in nitric acid followed by evaporation of the solution. The stoichiometry of the reaction depends upon the concentration of nitric acid used.
Aqua regia (/ ˈ r eɪ ɡ i ə, ˈ r iː dʒ i ə /; from Latin, "regal water" or "royal water") is a mixture of nitric acid and hydrochloric acid, optimally in a molar ratio of 1:3. [ b ] Aqua regia is a fuming liquid.
Oleum (65% to 80% by weight) 8014-95-7 1000 Osmium tetroxide: 20816-12-0 100 Oxygen difluoride: 7783-41-7 100 Ozone: 10028-15-6 100 Pentaborane: 19624-22-7 100 Peracetic acid (concentration greater than 60%) 79-21-0 1000 Perchloric acid (concentration greater than 60% by weight) 7601-90-3 5000 Perchloromethyl mercaptan: 594-42-3 150 Perchloryl ...
Solutions of dinitrogen pentoxide in nitric acid can be seen as nitric acid with more than 100% concentration. The phase diagram of the system H 2 O − N 2 O 5 shows the well-known negative azeotrope at 60% N 2 O 5 (that is, 70% HNO 3), a positive azeotrope at 85.7% N 2 O 5 (100% HNO 3), and another negative one at 87.5% N 2 O 5 ("102% HNO 3 ...
This page contains tables of azeotrope data for various binary and ternary mixtures of solvents. The data include the composition of a mixture by weight (in binary azeotropes, when only one fraction is given, it is the fraction of the second component), the boiling point (b.p.) of a component, the boiling point of a mixture, and the specific gravity of the mixture.