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The species name, Xiphias gladius, derives from Greek ξιφίας (xiphias, "swordfish"), itself from ξίφος (xiphos, "sword") and from Latin gladius ("sword"). [6] This makes it superficially similar to other billfish such as marlin , but upon examination, their physiology is quite different and they are members of different families.
Two species of Kansas Protosphyraena - the larger (about 3 m long) P. perniciosa and smaller P. nitida. In its general body plan, Protosphyraena resembled a modern sailfish, though it was smaller with a shorter rostrum, was somewhat less hydrodynamic, and adults possessed large blade-like teeth (adults of living swordfish species are toothless).
One family, Xiphiidae, contains only one species, the swordfish Xiphias gladius, and the other family, Istiophoridae, contains 11 species in four genera, including marlin, spearfish, and sailfish. [13] [14] Controversy exists about whether the Indo-Pacific blue marlin, Makaira mazara, is the same species as the Atlantic blue marlin, M. nigricans.
"It's recommended to avoid species very high on the food chain," says Largeman-Roth. These include swordfish, shark, albacore tuna, yellowfin tuna, tilefish and Spanish mackerel, according to the FDA.
The Swordfish (Xiphias gladius) is a large oceanic apex predator inhabiting all the world's oceans. It is found in the entire Indian Ocean down to latitude 45°S. [ 1 ] Before the 1990s X gladius was mainly a non-targeted catch of industrial longline fisheries; but after 1990 catches increased from around 8,000 t to 36,000 t in 1998 with ...
The largest species in this small order (both by number of species and body size) is the sand roller (Percopsis transmontana) of North America. This species can range up to 20 cm (7.9 in) in length and can weigh over 11 g (0.39 oz). [77] Flatfish (Pleuronectiformes) The Pacific halibut, largest of the flatfish, displays its effective camouflage.
The Chinese paddlefish (Psephurus gladius; simplified Chinese: 白鲟; traditional Chinese: 白鱘; pinyin: báixún: literal translation: "white sturgeon"), also known as the Chinese swordfish, is an extinct species of fish that was formerly native to the Yangtze and Yellow River basins in China.
There is a dispute based on the taxonomy of the sailfish, and either one or two species have been recognized. [3] [4] No differences have been found in mtDNA, morphometrics or meristics between the two supposed species and most authorities now only recognize a single species, Istiophorus platypterus, found in warmer oceans around the world.