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"Corrections" is also the name of a field of academic study concerned with the theories, policies, and programs pertaining to the practice of corrections. Its object of study includes personnel training and management as well as the experiences of those on the other side of the fence — the unwilling subjects of the correctional process. [1]
A 19th-century jail room at a Pennsylvania museum. A prison, [a] also known as a jail, [b] gaol, [c] penitentiary, detention center, [d] correction center, correctional facility, remand center, hoosegow, or slammer, is a facility where people are imprisoned under the authority of the state, usually as punishment for various crimes.
Correctional populations in the U.S., 1980–2013 US timeline graphs of number of people incarcerated in jails and prisons [1]. The prison-industrial complex (PIC) is a term, coined after the "military-industrial complex" of the 1950s, [2] used by scholars and activists to describe the many relationships between institutions of imprisonment (such as prisons, jails, detention facilities, and ...
"Prisoner" is a legal term for a person who is imprisoned. [3] In section 1 of the Prison Security Act 1992, the word "prisoner" means any person for the time being in a prison as a result of any requirement imposed by a court or otherwise that he be detained in legal custody. [4] "Prisoner" was a legal term for a person prosecuted for felony.
Built in 1876, the Elmira institution was designed to hold first-time felons, between the ages of sixteen and thirty, who were serving an indeterminate term of imprisonment set by their sentencing judge. [248] Elmira inmates had to earn their way out of the institution through good behavior, as assessed through an elaborate grading system. [248]
Prison slang is an argot used primarily by criminals and detainees in correctional institutions. It is a form of anti-language. [1] Many of the terms deal with criminal behavior, incarcerated life, legal cases, street life, and different types of inmates. Prison slang varies depending on institution, region, and country. [2]
A prison riot is an act of concerted defiance or disorder by a group of prisoners against the prison administrators, prison officers, or other groups of prisoners.. Academic studies of prison riots emphasize a connection between prison conditions (such as prison overcrowding) and riots, [1] [2] [3] or discuss the dynamics of the modern prison riot.
The ACA maintains an annual achievement award in his honor.) [9] In 1979, the Vienna Correctional Center, operated by the Illinois Department of Corrections, became the first accredited adult correctional institution. [10] In 2011, ACA began to branch out, and it audited the first detention facilities outside of the U.S. or Canada.