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The electron (e −, or β − in nuclear reactions) is a subatomic particle with a negative one elementary electric charge. [13] Electrons belong to the first generation of the lepton particle family, [14] and are generally thought to be elementary particles because they have no known components or substructure. [1]
The Dirac theory therefore predicts the electron’s magnetic dipole moment to be \[|\boldsymbol{\mu}| = \frac{\hbar e}{2m}. \label{Diracmu}\] Remarkably, this matches the experimentally-observed magnetic dipole moment to about one part in \(10^3\) .
Electron theory states all matter is comprised of molecules, which in turn are comprised of atoms, which are again comprised of protons, neutrons and electrons. A molecule is the smallest part of matter which can exist by itself and contains one or more atoms.
Summary timeline of the evolution of atomic theory. Shows events at 1803 with Dalton's original proposal, 1904 with Thomson's model, 1911 with Rutherford's experiment, 1913 with Bohr's model, and 1926 with the current orbital model of the atom.
Quantum Mechanical Atomic Model. In 1926, Austrian physicist Erwin Schrödinger (1887-1961) used the wave-particle duality of the electron to develop and solve a complex mathematical equation that accurately described the behavior of the electron in a hydrogen atom.
Electron, lightest stable subatomic particle known. It carries a negative charge of 1.6 x 10^-19 coulomb, which is considered the basic unit of electric charge. The electron was discovered in 1897 by the English physicist J.J. Thomson during investigations of cathode rays.
The electron is a subatomic particle that is found in all atoms. Unlike protons, neutrons, or the nuclei of atoms, electrons are elementary particles. This means they are not made of even smaller particles. Also unlike protons and neutrons, electrons have essentially no mass.
Atomic theory describes electrons as surrounding the proton/neutron nucleus of an atom in shells. These shells are regions of probability. Some are spherical, but other shapes also occur.
Their work culminated in the discovery by English physicist J.J. Thomson of the electron in 1897. The existence of the electron showed that the 2,000-year-old conception of the atom as a homogeneous particle was wrong and that in fact the atom has a complex structure.
The electron theory of metals describes how electrons are responsible for the bonding of metals and subsequent physical, chemical and transport properties. This textbook gives a complete account of electron theory in both periodic and non-periodic metallic systems.