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Postpartum bleeding or postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) is often defined as the loss of more than 500 ml or 1,000 ml of blood following childbirth. [2] Some have added the requirement that there also be signs or symptoms of low blood volume for the condition to exist. [6] Signs and symptoms may initially include: an increased heart rate, feeling ...
Sheehan's syndrome. Sheehan's syndrome, also known as postpartum pituitary gland necrosis, occurs when the pituitary gland is damaged due to significant blood loss and hypovolemic shock (ischemic necrosis) or stroke, originally described during or after childbirth leading to decreased functioning of the pituitary gland (hypopituitarism). [1]
Uterine atony. Uterine atony is the failure of the uterus to contract adequately following delivery. Contraction of the uterine muscles during labor compresses the blood vessels and slows flow, which helps prevent hemorrhage and facilitates coagulation. Therefore, a lack of uterine muscle contraction can lead to an acute hemorrhage, as the ...
Abnormal bleeding after delivery, or postpartum hemorrhage, is the loss of greater than 500 ml of blood following vaginal delivery, or 1000 ml of blood following cesarean section. Other definitions of excessive postpartum bleeding are hemodynamic instability, drop of hemoglobin of more than 10%, [12] or requiring blood transfusion. In the ...
An increase in lochia between 7–14 days postpartum may indicate delayed postpartum hemorrhage. [23] Hemorrhoids and constipation in this period are common, and stool softeners are routinely given. [24] If an episiotomy or perineal tear had to be sutured, the use of a donut pillow allows the woman to sit pain-free or at least with reduced pain.
Endometritis is inflammation of the inner lining of the uterus (endometrium). [6] Symptoms may include fever, lower abdominal pain, and abnormal vaginal bleeding or discharge. [1][4] It is the most common cause of infection after childbirth. [7][1] It is also part of spectrum of diseases that make up pelvic inflammatory disease. [8]
Postpartum hemorrhage is defined by “cumulative blood loss ≥1000 mL, or bleeding associated with signs/symptoms of hypovolemia within 24 hours of the birth process”. [27] It is difficult to predict and has few known risk factors.
Symptoms include postpartum bleeding, abdominal pain, a mass in the vagina, and low blood pressure. [1] Rarely inversion may occur not in association with pregnancy. [5] Risk factors include pulling on the umbilical cord or pushing on the top of the uterus before the placenta has detached. [1]
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