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2. Barium titanate - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barium_titanate

   Barium titanate (BTO) is an inorganic compound with chemical formula BaTiO 3. Barium titanate appears white as a powder and is transparent when prepared as large crystals. It is a ferroelectric, pyroelectric, and piezoelectric ceramic material that exhibits the photorefractive effect. It is used in capacitors, electromechanical transducers and ...

3. List of refractive indices - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_refractive_indices

   List of refractive indices. Refraction at interface. Many materials have a well-characterized refractive index, but these indices often depend strongly upon the frequency of light, causing optical dispersion. Standard refractive index measurements are taken at the "yellow doublet" sodium D line, with a wavelength (λ) of 589 nanometers.

4. Strontium titanate - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strontium_titanate

   Strontium titanate single crystal substrates (5x5x0.5mm). The transparent substrate (left) is pure SrTiO 3 and the black substrate is doped with 0.5% (weight) of niobium. SrTiO 3 is an excellent substrate for epitaxial growth of high-temperature superconductors and many oxide-based thin films. It is particularly well known as the substrate for ...

5. Relative permittivity - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relative_permittivity

   Relative permittivity is the factor by which the electric field between the charges is decreased relative to vacuum. Likewise, relative permittivity is the ratio of the capacitance of a capacitor using that material as a dielectric, compared with a similar capacitor that has vacuum as its dielectric. Relative permittivity is also commonly known ...

6. Sellmeier equation - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sellmeier_equation

   The Sellmeier equation is an empirical relationship between refractive index and wavelength for a particular transparent medium. The equation is used to determine the dispersion of light in the medium. It was first proposed in 1872 by Wolfgang Sellmeier and was a development of the work of Augustin Cauchy on Cauchy's equation for modelling ...

7. Retroreflector - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retroreflector

   Commercial retroreflective beads thus vary in index from around 1.5 (common forms of glass) up to around 1.9 (commonly barium titanate glass). The spherical aberration problem with the spherical cat's eye can be solved in various ways, one being a spherically symmetrical index gradient within the sphere, such as in the Luneburg lens design ...

8. Photorefractive effect - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photorefractive_effect

   The photorefractive effect is a nonlinear optical effect seen in certain crystals and other materials that respond to light by altering their refractive index. [1] The effect can be used to store temporary, erasable holograms and is useful for holographic data storage. [2][3] It can also be used to create a phase-conjugate mirror or an optical ...

9. Refractive index - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Refractive_index

   In optics, the refractive index (or refraction index) of an optical medium is a dimensionless number that gives the indication of the light bending ability of that medium. Refraction of a light ray. The refractive index determines how much the path of light is bent, or refracted, when entering a material. This is described by Snell's law of ...