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t. e. A nation-state is a political unit where the state, a centralized political organization ruling over a population within a territory, and the nation, a community based on a common identity, are congruent. [1][2][3][4] It is a more precise concept than "country", since a country does not need to have a predominant national or ethnic group.
Sovereign state. A sovereign state or sovereign country is a state that has the supreme sovereignty or ultimate authority over a territory. [1] International law defines sovereign states as having a permanent population, defined territory, a government not under another, and the capacity to interact with other states. [2]
Westphalian system. The Westphalian system, also known as Westphalian sovereignty, is a principle in international law that each state has exclusive sovereignty over its territory. The principle developed in Europe after the Peace of Westphalia in 1648, based on the state theory of Jean Bodin and the natural law teachings of Hugo Grotius.
A nation is a type of social organization where a collective identity, a national identity, has emerged from a combination of shared features across a given population, such as language, history, ethnicity, culture, territory or society. Some nations are constructed around ethnicity (see ethnic nationalism) while others are bound by political ...
National identity is a person's identity or sense of belonging to one or more states or one or more nations. [1][2] It is the sense of "a nation as a cohesive whole, as represented by distinctive traditions, culture, and language". [3] National identity comprises both political and cultural elements. [4]
e. A civilization state, or civilizational state, [1] is a country that aims to represent not just a historical territory, ethnolinguistic group, or body of governance, but a unique civilization in its own right. [2] It is distinguished from the concept of a nation state by describing a country's dominant sociopolitical modes as constituting a ...
A multinational state or a multinational union is a sovereign entity that comprises two or more nations or states. This contrasts with a nation state, where a single nation accounts for the bulk of the population. Depending on the definition of "nation" (which touches on ethnicity, language, and political identity), a multinational state is ...
t. e. A federation (also called a federal state) is an entity characterized by a union of partially self-governing provinces, states, or other regions under a federal government (federalism). In a federation, the self-governing status of the component states, as well as the division of power between them and the central government, is ...