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Flowchart showing baroreceptor reflex. The baroreflex or baroreceptor reflex is one of the body's homeostatic mechanisms that helps to maintain blood pressure at nearly constant levels. The baroreflex provides a rapid negative feedback loop in which an elevated blood pressure causes the heart rate to decrease. Decreased blood pressure decreases ...
Baroreceptor. Baroreceptors (or archaically, pressoreceptors) are sensors located in the carotid sinus (at the bifurcation of common carotid artery into external and internal carotids) and in the aortic arch. [1] They sense the blood pressure and relay the information to the brain, so that a proper blood pressure can be maintained.
Low pressure receptors. Low pressure baroreceptors or low pressure receptors are baroreceptors that relay information derived from blood pressure within the autonomic nervous system. They are stimulated by stretching of the vessel wall. They are located in large systemic veins and in the walls of the atria of the heart, and pulmonary vasculature.
Atrial volume receptors. Atrial volume receptors (also known as Veno-atrial stretch receptors[1]) are low pressure baroreceptors that are found in the atria of the heart. They are myelinated vagal fibres in the endocardium found at the junction between atria and the vena cava/pulmonary vein. [1]
Chemoreceptor. A chemoreceptor, also known as chemosensor, is a specialized sensory receptor which transduces a chemical substance (endogenous or induced) to generate a biological signal. [1] This signal may be in the form of an action potential, if the chemoreceptor is a neuron, [2] or in the form of a neurotransmitter that can activate a ...
Peripheral chemoreceptors (of the carotid and aortic bodies) are so named because they are sensory extensions of the peripheral nervous system into blood vessels where they detect changes in chemical concentrations. [1] As transducers of patterns of variability in the surrounding environment, carotid and aortic bodies count as chemosensors in a ...
Mechanoreceptor. A mechanoreceptor, also called mechanoceptor, is a sensory receptor that responds to mechanical pressure or distortion. Mechanoreceptors are innervated by sensory neurons that convert mechanical pressure into electrical signals that, in animals, are sent to the central nervous system.
The solitary nucleus sends signals to the respiratory center from peripheral chemoreceptors, baroreceptors, and other types of receptors in the lungs in particular the stretch receptors. Thus, the dorsal respiratory group is seen as an integrating center that gives the ventral respiratory group output to modify the breathing rhythm. [4] [5]