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Baroreceptor. Baroreceptors (or archaically, pressoreceptors) are sensors located in the carotid sinus (at the bifurcation of common carotid artery into external and internal carotids) and in the aortic arch. [1] They sense the blood pressure and relay the information to the brain, so that a proper blood pressure can be maintained.
The baroreflex or baroreceptor reflex is one of the body's homeostatic mechanisms that helps to maintain blood pressure at nearly constant levels. The baroreflex provides a rapid negative feedback loop in which an elevated blood pressure causes the heart rate to decrease. Decreased blood pressure decreases baroreflex activation and causes heart ...
Cushing reflex (also referred to as the vasopressor response, the Cushing effect, the Cushing reaction, the Cushing phenomenon, the Cushing response, or Cushing's Law) is a physiological nervous system response to increased intracranial pressure (ICP) that results in Cushing's triad of increased blood pressure, irregular breathing, and bradycardia. [1]
Chemoreceptor. A chemoreceptor, also known as chemosensor, is a specialized sensory receptor which transduces a chemical substance (endogenous or induced) to generate a biological signal. [1] This signal may be in the form of an action potential, if the chemoreceptor is a neuron, [2] or in the form of a neurotransmitter that can activate a ...
Chemoreceptor trigger zone. The chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ) is an area of the medulla oblongata that receives inputs from blood -borne drugs or hormones, and communicates with other structures in the vomiting center to initiate vomiting. The CTZ is located within the area postrema, which is on the floor of the fourth ventricle and is ...
Bainbridge reflex. The Bainbridge reflex or Bainbridge effect (also called the atrial reflex) is a cardiovascular reflex causing an increase in heart rate in response to increased stretching of the wall of the right atrium due to increased filling of the right atrium with venous blood. It is detected by stretch receptors embedded within the ...
Vasopressin receptor. The actions of vasopressin are mediated by stimulation of tissue-specific G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) called vasopressin receptors that are classified into the V 1 (V 1A), V 2, and V 3 (V 1B) receptor subtypes. [1] These three subtypes differ in localization, function and signal transduction mechanisms.
Peripheral chemoreceptors (of the carotid and aortic bodies) are so named because they are sensory extensions of the peripheral nervous system into blood vessels where they detect changes in chemical concentrations. [1] As transducers of patterns of variability in the surrounding environment, carotid and aortic bodies count as chemosensors in a ...