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Environmental statistics is the application of statistical methods to environmental science. Weather, climate, air and water quality are included, as are studies of plant and animal populations. Epidemiology is the study of factors affecting the health and illness of populations, and serves as the foundation and logic of interventions made in ...
Data science is an interdisciplinary field [ 10 ] focused on extracting knowledge from typically large data sets and applying the knowledge and insights from that data to solve problems in a wide range of application domains. The field encompasses preparing data for analysis, formulating data science problems, analyzing data, developing data ...
Statistics is a mathematical body of science that pertains to the collection, analysis, interpretation or explanation, and presentation of data,[5]or as a branch of mathematics.[6] Some consider statistics to be a distinct mathematical sciencerather than a branch of mathematics. While many scientific investigations make use of data, statistics ...
Statistics, in the modern sense of the word, began evolving in the 18th century in response to the novel needs of industrializing sovereign states. In early times, the meaning was restricted to information about states, particularly demographics such as population. This was later extended to include all collections of information of all types ...
In physics, statistical mechanics is a mathematical framework that applies statistical methods and probability theory to large assemblies of microscopic entities. Sometimes called statistical physics or statistical thermodynamics, its applications include many problems in the fields of physics, biology, [1] chemistry, neuroscience, [2] computer science, [3] [4] information theory [5] and ...
Data visualization refers to the techniques used to communicate data or information by encoding it as visual objects (e.g., points, lines, or bars) contained in graphics. The goal is to communicate information clearly and efficiently to users. It is one of the steps in data analysis or data science. According to Vitaly Friedman (2008) the "main ...
Statistical graphics have been central to the development of science and date to the earliest attempts to analyse data. Many familiar forms, including bivariate plots, statistical maps, bar charts, and coordinate paper were used in the 18th century. Statistical graphics developed through attention to four problems: [ 3 ]
Edward Tufte. Edward Rolf Tufte (/ ˈtʌfti /; [ 2 ] born March 14, 1942), [ 1 ] sometimes known as " ET ", [ 3 ] is an American statistician and professor emeritus of political science, statistics, and computer science at Yale University. [ 4 ] He is noted for his writings on information design and as a pioneer in the field of data visualization.