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  2. Planck units - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planck_units

    It is the gravitational attractive force of two bodies of 1 Planck mass each that are held 1 Planck length apart. One convention for the Planck charge is to choose it so that the electrostatic repulsion of two objects with Planck charge and mass that are held 1 Planck length apart balances the Newtonian attraction between them. [49]

  3. Planck constant - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planck_constant

    The Planck constant, or Planck's constant, denoted by , 1 is a fundamental physical constant 1 of foundational importance in quantum mechanics: a photon 's energy is equal to its frequency multiplied by the Planck constant, and the wavelength of a matter wave equals the Planck constant divided by the associated particle momentum.

  4. Cosmological constant - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cosmological_constant

    Using the values known in 2018 and Planck units for Ω Λ = 0.6889 ± 0.0056 and the Hubble constant H 0 = 67.66 ± 0.42 (km/s)/Mpc = (2.192 7664 ± 0.0136) × 10 −18 s −1, Λ has the value of = = = where is the Planck length. A positive vacuum energy density resulting from a cosmological constant implies a negative pressure, and vice versa.

  5. Natural units - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_units

    In physics, natural unit systems are measurement systems for which selected physical constants have been set to 1 through nondimensionalization of physical units.For example, the speed of light c may be set to 1, and it may then be omitted, equating mass and energy directly E = m rather than using c as a conversion factor in the typical mass–energy equivalence equation E = mc 2.

  6. Physical constant - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physical_constant

    For example, the speed of light is defined as having the numerical value of 299 792 458 when expressed in the SI unit metres per second, and as having the numerical value of 1 when expressed in the natural units Planck length per Planck time. While its numerical value can be defined at will by the choice of units, the speed of light itself is a ...

  7. Atomic units - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomic_units

    They noted that the unit of length in this system is the radius of the first Bohr orbit and their velocity is the electron velocity in Bohr's model of the first orbit. In 1959, Shull and Hall [ 4 ] advocated atomic units based on Hartree's model but again chose to use ⁠ ℏ {\displaystyle \hbar } ⁠ as the defining unit.

  8. Fine-structure constant - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fine-structure_constant

    e. In physics, the fine-structure constant, also known as the Sommerfeld constant, commonly denoted by α (the Greek letter alpha), is a fundamental physical constant which quantifies the strength of the electromagnetic interaction between elementary charged particles. It is a dimensionless quantity, independent of the system of units used ...

  9. Schwarzschild radius - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schwarzschild_radius

    Schwarzschild radius. hide. The Schwarzschild radius or the gravitational radius is a physical parameter in the Schwarzschild solution to Einstein's field equations that corresponds to the radius defining the event horizon of a Schwarzschild black hole. It is a characteristic radius associated with any quantity of mass.