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[4] [5] During drilling operations, complex accidents such as gas invasion and overflow are prone to occur. [6] In addition, deep strata have poor diagenesis , weak pressure bearing capacity, so leakage is easy to happen, the risk of well control is high, and the treatment is difficult, which impact on deepwater wellbore integrity seriously.
Drilling engineering is a subset of petroleum engineering. [1] Drilling engineers design and implement procedures to drill wells as safely and economically as possible. [1] They work closely with the drilling contractor, service contractors, and compliance personnel, as well as with geologists and other technical specialists.
Well completion is the process of making a well ready for production (or injection) after drilling operations. This principally involves preparing the bottom of the hole to the required specifications, running in the production tubing and its associated down hole tools as well as perforating and stimulating as required.
Figure 2. In a shear ram, the two blades are driven hydraulically to cut the thick steel drill pipe. Figure 3. Sheared end of a drill pipe. The primary safety control devices for well drilling are blowout preventers (BOPs), which have been used for nearly a century in control of oil well drilling on land.
Blowout preventers are critical to the safety of crew, rig (the equipment system used to drill a wellbore) and environment, and to the monitoring and maintenance of well integrity; thus blowout preventers are intended to provide fail-safety to the systems that include them. The term BOP is used in oilfield vernacular to refer to blowout preventers.
Subsea wells have pressure control equipment located on the seabed or between the riser pipe and drilling platform. Blowout preventers (BOPs) are the primary safety devices designed to maintain control of geologically driven well pressures. They contain hydraulic-powered cut-off mechanisms to stop the flow of hydrocarbons in the event of a loss ...
The National Commission on the BP Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill and Offshore Drilling is a bipartisan presidential commission, established by Executive Order 13543 signed by Barack Obama on May 21, 2010, that is "tasked with providing recommendations on how the United States can prevent and mitigate the impact of any future spills that result from offshore drilling."
Drilling and blasting is the controlled use of explosives and other methods, such as gas pressure blasting pyrotechnics, to break rock for excavation. It is practiced most often in mining , quarrying and civil engineering such as dam , tunnel or road construction.