Search results
Results from the WOW.Com Content Network
A cell culture assay is any method used to assess the cytotoxicity of a material. [1] [2] This refers to the in vitro assessment of a material to determine whether it releases toxic chemicals in the cell. It also determines if the quantity is sufficient to kill cells, either directly or indirectly, through the inhibition of cell metabolic pathways.
Label-free real-time techniques provide the kinetics of the cytotoxic response rather than just a snapshot like many colorimetric endpoint assays. Material that has been determined as cytotoxic, typically biomedical waste , is often marked with a symbol that consists of a capital letter "C" inside a triangle.
Antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC), also referred to as antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity, is a mechanism of cell-mediated immune defense whereby an effector cell of the immune system kills a target cell, whose membrane-surface antigens have been bound by specific antibodies. [1]
In phase one, effector CTLs are generated from CTL precursors. The CTL precursors include naive T c cells since they are incapable of killing target cells. After a precursor cell has been activated, it can then differentiate into a functional CTL with cytotoxic activity.
A high throughput assay can be either an endpoint or a kinetic assay usually done on an automated platform in 96-, 384- or 1536-well microplate formats (High Throughput Screening). Such assays are able to test large number of compounds or analytes or make functional biological readouts in response to a stimuli and/or compounds being tested. [6]
Complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) is an effector function of IgG and IgM antibodies.When they are bound to surface antigen on target cell (e.g. bacterial or viral infected cell), the classical complement pathway is triggered by bonding protein C1q to these antibodies, resulting in formation of a membrane attack complex (MAC) and target cell lysis.
K i is the inhibition constant for a drug; the concentration of competing ligand in a competition assay which would occupy 50% of the receptors if no ligand were present. [ 5 ] The Cheng-Prusoff equation produces good estimates at high agonist concentrations, but over- or under-estimates K i at low agonist concentrations.
A microtiter plate after an MTT assay. Increasing amounts of cells resulted in increased purple colouring. The MTT assay is a colorimetric assay for assessing cell metabolic activity. [1] [2] NAD(P)H-dependent cellular oxidoreductase enzymes may, under defined conditions, reflect the number of viable cells present.