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In 1957, it was estimated that the Darul Islam controlled one-third of West Java and more than 90% of South Sulawesi and Aceh provinces where the government only controlled the cities and towns. The movement had 15,000 armed guerillas operating under the banner of Tentara Islam Indonesia (Indonesian Islamic Army).
Sociologist Robert N. Bellah (Beyond Belief) argues that Islam in its 7th-century origins was, for its time and place, "remarkably modern...in the high degree of commitment, involvement, and participation expected from the rank-and-file members of the community". This because, he argues, that Islam emphasized the equality of all Muslims.
The Institute for Islamic and Social Studies (Indonesian: Lembaga Kajian Islam dan Sosial, LKiS), is an Indonesian non-governmental organization that was founded on September 3, 1993, in Yogyakarta. [1] The institute stimulates intellectual debate on a grassroots level. [2]
Experts disagree on the importance of ideology in IS. According to Cole Bunzel, not all members of IS are aware of the ideology of the group they support. [1] On the other hand, Princeton scholar Bernard Haykel, who specializes in the study of IS, argues that many Western observers fail to understand the passionate attachment of IS—including its rank and file—to religious doctrine: "Even ...
Islamic modernism is a movement that has been described as "the first Muslim ideological response to the Western cultural challenge", [Note 1] attempting to reconcile the Islamic faith with values perceived as modern such as democracy, civil rights, rationality, equality, and progress. [2]
This is an accepted version of this page This is the latest accepted revision, reviewed on 10 February 2025. Islam in Indonesia Istiqlal Mosque, the national mosque and the largest mosque in Southeast Asia. Total population 244,410,757 (2023) 87,06% of the population [a] Languages Liturgical Quranic Arabic Common Indonesian (official), various regional languages Mass Eid al-Fitr prayer at the ...
Islamic cultures or Muslim cultures refers to the historic cultural practices that developed among the various peoples living in the Muslim world.These practices, while not always religious in nature, are generally influenced by aspects of Islam, particularly due to the religion serving as an effective conduit for the inter-mingling of people from different ethnic/national backgrounds in a way ...
The first half of MARPOL Annex I deals with engine room waste. There are various generations of technologies and equipment that have been developed to prevent waste such as oily water separators (OWS), oil content meters (OCM), and port reception facilities. [7] The second part of the MARPOL Annex I has more to do with cleaning the cargo areas ...