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Methemoglobinemia can be due to certain medications, chemicals, or food or it can be inherited. [2] Substances involved may include benzocaine , nitrites , or dapsone . [ 3 ] The underlying mechanism involves some of the iron in hemoglobin being converted from the ferrous [Fe 2+ ] to the ferric [Fe 3+ ] form. [ 3 ]
Alcoholism commonly causes a macrocytosis, although not specifically anemia. Other types of liver disease can also cause macrocytosis. Drugs such as methotrexate, zidovudine, and other substances may inhibit DNA replication such as heavy metals; Macrocytic anemia can be further divided into "megaloblastic anemia" or "nonmegaloblastic macrocytic ...
Anemia in kidney disease and dialysis results from the diseased kidney's inability to produce enough of the hormone erythropoietin. Erythropoietin is used to stimulate an adequate production of red blood cells from the bone marrow. [24] Anemia of prematurity: P61.2: Anemia of prematurity is a form of anemia affecting preterm infants [25] with ...
Anemia of chronic disease (ACD) [1] [2] or anemia of chronic inflammation [3] is a form of anemia seen in chronic infection, chronic immune activation, and malignancy. These conditions all produce elevation of interleukin-6 , which stimulates hepcidin production and release from the liver.
Signs and symptoms can range from mild to severe. Drug-induced nonautoimmune hemolytic anemia can present with symptoms of anemia such as pallor, fatigue, dizziness, shortness of breath, increased heart rate, or fainting. It can also present with signs and symptoms of hemolysis including abdominal pain, back pain, jaundice, or dark or red urine.
Methotrexate treats cancer, lupus, rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis but can cause birth defects. Some women can't get it because of abortion laws, fear punishment.
Macrocytic anemias have several causes but with the implementation of folic acid fortification in North America, folate deficiency has become a rare cause of megaloblastic macrocytic anemia in that part of the world. [2] In this region, Vitamin B 12 deficiency is a far more common cause of megaloblastic macrocytic anemia. [2]
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