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R-1234yf is also a component of zeotropic refrigerant blend R-454B. HFO-1234yf has a GWP less than carbon dioxide, [4] [2] itself 1,430 times less potent than R-134a. [5] For this reason, 2,3,3,3‑tetrafluoropropene is the pre-eminent replacement for R-134a in vehicular air conditioners. As of 2022, 90% of new U.S. vehicles are estimated to ...
trans-1,3,3,3-Tetrafluoropropene (HFO-1234ze(E), R-1234ze(E)) is a hydrofluoroolefin. It was developed as a "fourth generation" refrigerant to replace fluids such as R-134a, as a blowing agent for foam and aerosol applications, and in air horns and gas dusters. [3] The use of R-134a is being phased out because of its high global warming ...
Barbara Haviland Minor is an American chemical engineer, known for the development of refrigerants.She was technical leader for chemical company DuPont in the development of R-1234yf, [1] a refrigerant which, as of 2018, was used in 50% of all new vehicles produced by original equipment manufacturers, [2] and which represented an important contribution to countering global warming.
Because of its reduced global warming potential (GWP), R-454B is intended to be an alternative to refrigerant R-410A in new equipment. [2] [3] [4] R-454B has a GWP of 466, which is 78 percent lower than R-410A's GWP of 2088. [2] R-454B is non-toxic and mildly flammable, with an ASHRAE safety classification of A2L. In the United States, it is ...
AVS Video Editor is a video editing software published by Online Media Technologies Ltd. It is a part of AVS4YOU software suite which includes video, audio, image editing and conversion , disc editing and burning , document conversion and registry cleaner programs. [ 2 ]
Video editing is the post-production and arrangement of video shots. To showcase excellent video editing to the public, video editors must be reasonable and ensure they have a thorough understanding of film, television, and other sorts of videography. [1]
The most common ion gauge is the hot-cathode Bayard–Alpert gauge, with a small collector inside the grid. [1] A glass envelope with an opening to the vacuum can surround the electrodes, but usually the nude gauge is inserted in the vacuum chamber directly, the pins being fed through a ceramic plate in the wall of the chamber. Hot-cathode ...
A particular choice of the scalar and vector potentials is a gauge (more precisely, gauge potential) and a scalar function ψ used to change the gauge is called a gauge function. [ citation needed ] The existence of arbitrary numbers of gauge functions ψ ( r , t ) corresponds to the U(1) gauge freedom of this theory.