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Chloride cycle dealkalizers operate similar to sodium cycle cation water softeners. Like water softeners, dealkalizers contain ion-exchange resins that are regenerated with a concentrated salt solution - NaCl. In the case of a water softener, the cation exchange resin is exchanging sodium (the Na + ion of NaCl) for hardness minerals such as ...
The load-bearing chains in the amorphous domains in polyethylene are made of tie-molecules and entangles chains. Because of the key role of tie-molecules and entanglements in resisting environmental stress cracking in polyethylene, it follows that ESCR and strain hardening behaviors can very well be correlated.
The reaction is catalyzed by acidic or basic catalysts. Ethylene glycol and its oligomers are preferable as a starting material instead of water because they allow the creation of polymers with a low polydispersity (narrow molecular weight distribution). Polymer chain length depends on the ratio of reactants. HOCH 2 CH 2 OH + n(CH 2 CH 2 O) → ...
This plastic bucket has been used as an open-air flowerpot for some years. Photodegradation has made it brittle, causing part of it to break off when the bucket was moved. In polymer chemistry, photo-oxidation (sometimes: oxidative photodegradation) is the degradation of a polymer surface due to the combined action of light and oxygen. [1]
Plastic bottles made from PET are widely used for soft drinks, both still and sparkling. For beverages that are degraded by oxygen, such as beer, a multilayer structure is used. PET sandwiches an additional polyvinyl alcohol (PVOH) or polyamide (PA) layer to further reduce its oxygen permeability.
The dissolvable packets are typically made of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) or a derivative of PVA. Although the formulas are similar, the concentration varies; the liquid components of a detergent pod may contain 10% water compared to 50% in liquid detergents. [2] The film is designed to be soluble in cold water. [3]
An appliance repair technician explains why DIY appliance hacks from TikTok are not 100 percent reliable—and potentially dangerous.
Wash bottles are sealed with a screw-top lid. When hand pressure is applied to the bottle, the liquid inside becomes pressurized and is forced out of the nozzle into a narrow stream of liquid. Most wash bottles are made up of polyethylene, which is a flexible solvent-resistant petroleum-based plastic.