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One theory of language acquisition is the comprehensible output hypothesis. Developed by Merrill Swain, the comprehensible output (CO) hypothesis states that learning takes place when learners encounter a gap in their linguistic knowledge of the second language (L2).
Meanwhile, Gass (1997) proposed that not all learning requires input, and Schlachter states that certain aspects of language do not require noticing while others do. [3] Caroll (2006) [ full citation needed ] argued that input in the environment does not contain the information needed to acquire a language and therefore invalidates the noticing ...
Adult learners are believed to have lost access to UG, which explains the persistent errors and slower progress often observed in L2 learning compared to L1 acquisition. Support for the FDH comes from studies showing qualitative differences between child and adult language learning, particularly in areas such as syntax and morphology.
An advantage of the comprehension approach of language learning is the fact that when the learner eventually understands the meaning and the correct application of the words, the language will sound more effortless when he or she speaks it in contrast to other forms of language learning, which may result in more stilted efforts.
According to Stephen Krashen's acquisition-learning hypothesis, there are two independent ways in which we develop our linguistic skills: acquisition and learning. [3] This theory is at the core of modern language acquisition theory [citation needed], and is perhaps the most fundamental of Krashen's theories.
Hence, more tailor-made language design can be adopted; examples include awareness raising teaching method and hierarchical learning teaching curriculum. Second language learning: Awareness raising is the major contribution of CA in second language learning. This includes CA's abilities to explain observed errors and to outline the differences ...
The reason for the popularity of Tannen's book You Just Don't Understand, and the resultant popularization of the difference model, [8] [9] is generally attributed to the style of Tannen's work, in which she adopts a neutral position on differences in genderlect by making no value-judgements about use of language by either gender. Talbot ...
Similar to Krashen's input hypothesis, the interaction hypothesis claims that comprehensible input, which is characterized as a variety of language that can be understood by a learner, [3] is important for language learning. There are a number of ways in which input may be modified for the benefit of the learner.