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Some types of lung fibrosis respond to corticosteroids, such as prednisone. [29] Oxygen therapy is also an option. The patient may choose how much oxygen to use. The use of oxygen doesn't repair the lung damage, but can: make breathing and exercise easier; prevent or lessen complication from low blood oxygen levels; reduce blood pressure; and
Most red blood cells are released into the blood as reticulocytes. Polychromasia occurs when the immature reticulocytes of the bone marrow are released, resulting in a grayish blue color of the cells. This color is seen because of the ribosomes still left on the immature blood cells, which are not found on mature red blood cells.
Fibrosis can occur in many tissues within the body, typically as a result of inflammation or damage. Common sites of fibrosis include the lungs, liver, kidneys, brain, and heart: Micrograph showing cirrhosis of the liver. The tissue in this example is stained with a trichrome stain, in which fibrosis is colored blue.
Broadly, a diffuse pattern of GGO can be caused by displacement of air with fluid, inflammatory debris, or fibrosis. Cardiogenic pulmonary edema and ARDS are common causes of a fluid-filled lung. Diffuse alveolar hemorrhage is a rarer cause of diffuse GGO seen in some types of vasculitis, autoimmune conditions, and bleeding disorders.
Fibrosis of the lungs can occur, resulting in dyspnea (shortness of breath), low blood oxygenation, and reduced functional residual capacity for as long as six years after the injury. [38] As late as four years post-injury, decreased functional residual capacity has been found in most pulmonary contusion patients studied. [ 43 ]
Causes may include sepsis, pancreatitis, trauma, pneumonia, and aspiration. [1] The underlying mechanism involves diffuse injury to cells which form the barrier of the microscopic air sacs of the lungs , surfactant dysfunction, activation of the immune system , and dysfunction of the body's regulation of blood clotting . [ 5 ]
Cardiac fibrosis is common in non-human great apes in human care. The term idiopathic myocardial fibrosis was coined to emphasize this disease is likely different from the above described forms of cardiac fibrosis in humans. The etiology is not known, though vitamin D deficiency is a potential suspected cause at least in chimpanzees. [31]
Endomyocardial fibrosis causes irreversible restrictive cardiomyopathy in the final stage of fibrosis, and damage to the atrioventricular valves may cause more acute presentations of congestive heart failure. [19] Both the peripheral (polyneuropathy) and central (diffuse encephalopathy) nervous systems may be affected by neurological ...