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SELECT * FROM (SELECT ROW_NUMBER OVER (ORDER BY sort_key ASC) AS row_number, columns FROM tablename) AS foo WHERE row_number <= 10 ROW_NUMBER can be non-deterministic : if sort_key is not unique, each time you run the query it is possible to get different row numbers assigned to any rows where sort_key is the same.
An example of a data table column with normal-cardinality would be a CUSTOMER table with a column named LAST_NAME, containing the last names of customers. While some people have common last names, such as Smith, others have uncommon last names. Therefore, an examination of all of the values held in the LAST_NAME column would show "clumps" of ...
The following example returns the last name of each employee in department 10, each manager above that employee in the hierarchy, the number of levels between manager and employee, and the path between the two:
The FETCH FIRST clause specifies the number of rows to return. Some SQL databases instead have non-standard alternatives, e.g. LIMIT , TOP or ROWNUM . The clauses of a query have a particular order of execution, [ 5 ] which is denoted by the number on the right hand side.
This limit applies to number of characters in names, rows per table, columns per table, and characters per CHAR/VARCHAR. Note (9): Despite the lack of a date datatype, SQLite does include date and time functions, [ 83 ] which work for timestamps between 24 November 4714 B.C. and 1 November 5352.
SQL was initially developed at IBM by Donald D. Chamberlin and Raymond F. Boyce after learning about the relational model from Edgar F. Codd [12] in the early 1970s. [13] This version, initially called SEQUEL (Structured English Query Language), was designed to manipulate and retrieve data stored in IBM's original quasirelational database management system, System R, which a group at IBM San ...
Reserved words in SQL and related products In SQL:2023 [3] In IBM Db2 13 [4] In Mimer SQL 11.0 [5] In MySQL 8.0 [6] In Oracle Database 23c [7] In PostgreSQL 16 [1] In Microsoft SQL Server 2022 [2]
Views can represent a subset of the data contained in a table. Consequently, a view can limit the degree of exposure of the underlying tables to the outer world: a given user may have permission to query the view, while denied access to the rest of the base table. [2] Views can join and simplify multiple tables into a single virtual table. [2]