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Testicular cancer is cancer that develops in the testicles, a part of the male reproductive system. [2] Symptoms may include a lump in the testicle or swelling or pain in the scrotum. [2] Treatment may result in infertility. [2] Risk factors include an undescended testis, family history of the disease, and previous history of testicular cancer. [5]
PT-DLBCL is by far the most common form of testicular cancer in men >60 years of age. [2] It usually develops in this age group (median age ~65 years old, range 10–96 years) and presents as a painless testicular mass or swelling in one testis or, in ~6% of cases, both testes: [1] PT-DLBCL is the most common testicular cancer to present with disease in both testicles. [8]
Macroorchidism is a disorder found in males, specifically in children, where a subject has abnormally large testes.The condition is commonly inherited in connection with fragile X syndrome (FXS), which is also the second most common genetic cause of intellectual disability. [1]
Testicular teratomas present as a palpable mass in the testis; mediastinal teratomas often cause compression of the lungs or the airways and may present with chest pain and/or respiratory symptoms. Some teratomas contain yolk sac elements, which secrete alpha-fetoprotein. Its detection may help to confirm the diagnosis and is often used as a ...
Regardless of treatment strategy, stage 1 seminoma has nearly a 100% cure rate. [13] Stage 2 seminoma is indicated by the presence of retroperitoneal metastasis. Cases require radiotherapy or, in advanced cases, combination chemotherapy. Large residual masses found after chemotherapy may require surgical resection.
Testicular cancer metastasizes in a predictable pattern, and lymph nodes in the retroperitoneum are typically the first place it lands. [1] [2] By examining the removed lymphatic tissue, a pathologist can determine whether the disease has spread. If no malignant tissue is found, the cancer can be labeled Stage I, limited to the testicle. [3]
Some men have medical conditions that impair testicular testosterone production, such as Klinefelter’s syndrome. ... with drive, muscle mass levels, fat distribution, bone density, and even red ...
The treatment for mediastinal nonseminomatous germ cell tumors should follow guidelines for poor-prognosis testicular cancer. Initial treatment with four courses of bleomycin, etoposide, and cisplatin, followed by surgical resection of any residual disease, is considered standard therapy.